{"id":10184,"date":"2014-05-04T00:11:47","date_gmt":"2014-05-03T21:11:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=10184"},"modified":"2020-09-15T10:58:17","modified_gmt":"2020-09-15T07:58:17","slug":"15-04-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/15-04-11\/","title":{"rendered":"11. Teru\u2019a<\/em> and Shevarim<\/em> Defined"},"content":{"rendered":"

The teru\u2019a<\/em> is made up of a series of short, broken-off sounds, like a sob. In halakha<\/em>, these sounds are referred to as \u201ctromitin<\/em>.\u201d Some maintain that a teru\u2019a <\/em>is made up of three tromitin<\/em> (Rabbeinu \u1e24ananel; Rashi), while others maintain that it is made up of nine (Rivam; Riva; Smag<\/em>). In practice we blow nine, but be-di\u2019avad<\/em> the obligation is fulfilled with three. One may blow more than nine tromitin<\/em> for a teru\u2019a<\/em>, as long as the sounds are continuous, with no break (SA 590:3; MB ad loc.<\/em> 12; for the Yemenite custom, see the note).[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

The shevarim<\/em> is made up of three medium-length blasts, like a sigh or groan. Each individual blast (shever<\/em>) is about the length of three tromitin<\/em>. Le-khat\u1e25ila<\/em>, we do not add to the three blasts, but bedi\u2019avad<\/em>, one who does has fulfilled his obligation (SA 590:3; MB ad loc.<\/em> 11). Some blow each shever<\/em> with a rise, like a sigh in a broken voice. This is the Lithuanian custom.<\/p>\n

If one blows a shever<\/em> which is the length of two tromitin<\/em>, he fulfills his obligation, for it is clear that the blast is similar to sighing rather than crying, since it is still twice as long as a teru\u2019a<\/em>\u2019s tromit<\/em>. If, however, a shever<\/em> lasts for less than the length of two tromitin<\/em>, he has not fulfilled his obligation. One who blows each shever<\/em> for four tromitin<\/em> fulfills his obligation, as this is very similar to the normal shever<\/em>. Even one who extends a shever<\/em> up to six tromitin<\/em> fulfills his obligation be-di\u2019avad<\/em>.[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[11]<\/a>. The generally accepted teru\u2019a<\/em> is reminiscent of sobbing: short, cut-off sounds. However, the Yemenite custom is to blow a wailing sound. It is not comprised of distinct, cut-off blasts but is rather one long wavering blast. In other words, the teru\u2019a <\/em>of Ashkenazim and Sephardim is reminiscent of crying that is fitful and uncontrolled, like someone wracked with sobs, while the teru\u2019a<\/em> of Yemenites is reminiscent of wailing in a controlled fashion, like someone ululating. In practice, every community should continue its custom. Those who are especially meticulous make efforts to listen to the shofar-blowing of all the different communities.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a>. Some say that a shever<\/em> that is 3 tromitin<\/em> long is invalid. Why? Because a shevarim<\/em> is a type of teru\u2019a<\/em>, and we know that the teki\u2019a<\/em> and the teru\u2019a<\/em> must be the same length.<\/em> According to Rabbeinu \u1e24ananel and Rashi, a teru\u2019a<\/em> of 3 tromitin<\/em> is acceptable. Therefore, 3 tromitin<\/em> is the length of a teki\u2019a<\/em> within the set of tarat<\/em>. True, within the set of tashrat<\/em>, the teki\u2019a<\/em> is longer, to match the length of the shevarim-teru\u2019a<\/em>. Nevertheless, since a teki\u2019a<\/em> within tarat<\/em> is 3 tromitin<\/em>, a shever<\/em> that is 3 tromitin<\/em> can be confused with a tekia<\/em> (Tur<\/em>\u2019s understanding of Tosafot<\/em> and Rosh; first opinion in SA 590:3). According to Rivam, Riva, and Smag<\/em>, a teru\u2019a<\/em> is 9 tromitin<\/em> (as is a teki\u2019a<\/em>). Accordingly, be-di\u2019avad<\/em>, a shever<\/em> can be longer or shorter than the prescribed 3 tromitin<\/em>, as it will not be confused with a teru\u2019a<\/em> or tekia<\/em> (second opinion in SA).<\/p>\n

Others maintain that there is no connection between the different sets; in each set, each teki\u2019a<\/em> must be the same length as the adjacent teru\u2019a<\/em>. Thus, within the set of tashrat<\/em>, the teki\u2019a<\/em> must be the length of a shevarim-ter\u2019ua<\/em>, while within tashat<\/em> it must be the length of a shevarim<\/em>. Since there is no connection between the different sets, even according to Rabbeinu \u1e24ananel and Rashi a shever <\/em>that is longer than 3 tromitin<\/em> is acceptable (Mordekhai<\/em>; Hagahot Asheri<\/em>; Rema). This is the common practice (MB 590:15).<\/p>\n

Some maintain that we must take into account the first opinion of SA, so for at least thirty blasts we should make sure that each shever<\/em> is less than 3 tromitin<\/em> (MA ad loc<\/em>. 2; see Kol Teru\u2019a<\/em> 8). In my humble opinion, this is not necessary. First, it is a case of a triple doubt, where we can be lenient: (a) It may be that those who maintain that a teru\u2019a<\/em> is 9 tromitin<\/em> are correct; (b) even among those who believe that it is 3 tromitin<\/em>, it is possible that Mordekhai<\/em> and Hagahot Asheri<\/em> are correct that there is no connection between the different sets; (c) there are other opinions as to the length of a teki\u2019a<\/em>: Rambam says that it is half the length of a teru\u2019a<\/em>, while Raavad says that a teki\u2019a<\/em> is always 9 tromitin<\/em>. Second, it is very difficult to guarantee that each shever<\/em> be less than 3 tromitin<\/em>, as the difference between a shever<\/em> of 2 tromitin<\/em> and 3 is approximately a quarter of a second. It is next to impossible to discern this difference, and we have a principle that the Torah was not given to the ministering angels (who have superhuman capabilities). Third, if the shofar-blower tries to blow a shever<\/em> of 2 tromitin<\/em>, he may in fact end up blowing it a little shorter. That would make the shever<\/em> into a teru\u2019a<\/em> sound, which all would agree does not fulfill the obligation. Therefore, it would seem that as long as the shever<\/em> sounds like a sigh, it is acceptable le-khat\u1e25ila<\/em>. Some say that people who follow the Lithuanian custom when blowing have removed themselves from any doubt; since the blast they blow has a rise, there is no way to confuse it with a teki\u2019a<\/em>. (See Hilkhot \u1e24ag Be-\u1e25ag<\/em> 12:64.)<\/p>\n

How long may a shever<\/em> be? Those who say that a teru\u2019a<\/em> is 9 tromitin<\/em> say that a teki\u2019a<\/em> is the same length, and a shever<\/em> must be shorter than this (SA 590:3, second opinion). However, this requires further inquiry, because if a shever<\/em> is too long, it approximates the joyful sound of a teki\u2019a<\/em>. I therefore wrote that a shever<\/em>, to be acceptable be-di\u2019avad<\/em>, must be no longer than 6 tromitin<\/em>. (See Mateh Ephraim<\/em> ad loc<\/em>. 11; Elef La-mateh<\/em> ad loc<\/em>. 14.) According to Rambam\u2019s view that a teki\u2019a<\/em> is half as long as a teru\u2019a<\/em>, after 4.5 tromitin<\/em> a shever<\/em> cannot be distinguished from a teki\u2019a<\/em>. Thus, a shever<\/em> must be less than 4 tromitin<\/em>. Le-khat\u1e25ila<\/em>, one should defer to Rambam\u2019s view.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The teru\u2019a is made up of a series of short, broken-off sounds, like a sob. In halakha, these sounds are referred to as \u201ctromitin.\u201d Some maintain that a teru\u2019a is made up of three tromitin (Rabbeinu \u1e24ananel; Rashi), while others maintain that it is made up of nine (Rivam; Riva; Smag). In practice we blow […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[187],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-15-04"],"yoast_head":"\n11. Teru\u2019a and Shevarim Defined - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/15-04-11\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"11. Teru\u2019a and Shevarim Defined - Peninei Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The teru\u2019a is made up of a series of short, broken-off sounds, like a sob. In halakha, these sounds are referred to as \u201ctromitin.\u201d Some maintain that a teru\u2019a is made up of three tromitin (Rabbeinu \u1e24ananel; Rashi), while others maintain that it is made up of nine (Rivam; Riva; Smag). 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