{"id":10273,"date":"2014-05-07T00:14:23","date_gmt":"2014-05-06T21:14:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=10273"},"modified":"2020-09-15T12:14:46","modified_gmt":"2020-09-15T09:14:46","slug":"15-07-14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/15-07-14\/","title":{"rendered":"14. Bowing During Musaf<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"

During Musaf<\/em>, it is customary to bow down at various points during the description of the Yom Kippur avoda <\/em>(Temple service), just as the kohanim<\/em> and the spectators in the Temple courtyard bowed and fell to the ground when the Kohen Gadol uttered the Tetragrammaton. As we will see (10:15-16), the Kohen Gadol uttered it ten times: nine of them in the course of three confessions, and the final one when he announced which goat was for God. The three confessions were on behalf of himself and his wife, on behalf of his fellow priests, and on behalf of the nation. Nowadays, the general custom is to bow four times during the prayer service. We bow once during the descriptions of each of the three confessions. The timing of the fourth bow, however, is the subject of dispute. Sephardim bow when they mention the goat for God (Beit Yosef<\/em>; see 10:9 below). Ashkenazim bow when reciting \u201cwe bow\u201d (\u201cva-ana\u1e25nu kor\u2019im<\/em>\u201d) in Aleinu<\/em>, preceding the description of the Kohen Gadol\u2019s avoda<\/em> (Raavya; Rivash; Rema 622:4). Yemenites do not bow at all during Musaf<\/em>.<\/p>\n

There are three types of bows: prostration (hishta\u1e25avaya gemura<\/em>), in which a person lies flat on the ground with hands and feet outspread; kida<\/em>, a deep bow in which a person remains standing but bows his head all the way to the ground; and keri\u2019a<\/em>, when one first kneels and then bends forward until his face reaches the ground (Berakhot<\/em> 34b; Shevu\u2019ot<\/em> 16b). Nowadays, most people do keri\u2019a<\/em>, while some do hishta\u1e25avaya<\/em>.<\/p>\n

It is customary to place something on the ground as a barrier between the floor and the worshipper\u2019s face. This is because it is forbidden to bow on a stone floor, as we read, \u201cYou shall not place figured stones in your land to worship upon\u201d (Vayikra 26:1). The reason for the prohibition may be that idolaters would worship nature and bow to stones in an attempt to become one with them. The Torah forbids bowing on stone so that no alien ideas infiltrate our prayers. Only in the Temple, where it was clear that all creations \u2013 animate and inanimate \u2013 were subservient to God, yearned for Him, and bowed to Him alone, was it permitted to bow on a stone floor (Sefer Ha-\u1e25inukh<\/em> \u00a7349).<\/p>\n

The Torah prohibition applies when two conditions are met: the person is lying prostrate, and his head is on a stone floor. The Sages extend the prohibition and forbid bowing when either one of these conditions is met. Thus, hishta\u1e25avaya<\/em> is prohibited even on a dirt floor, and even kida <\/em>and keri\u2019a <\/em>are forbidden on a stone floor. For this reason, people spread something as a barrier between the floor and their heads (Rema 131:8).[13]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\n
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\n[13]<\/a>. Both keri\u2019a<\/em> and kida<\/em> are permitted on a dirt floor. Bricks, which are made of sand, cement, and the like, have the same status as dirt (MB 131:41). One may perform keri\u2019a <\/em>or kida <\/em>on a stone floor as long as something separates his head from the floor. It is not necessary to have something separating the rest of the body from the floor (MT, Laws of Idol Worship 6:7; Levush<\/em> 131:7; MB 621:14). Alternatively, a person may kneel and incline his head toward the ground without actually touching it. One who does not have anything to use as a barrier between his head and the floor may do this. If the floor is made of stone, A\u1e25aronim disagree as to whether one may fully prostrate himself if he puts something down to separate himself from the floor (SHT 131:44). This may be why many people bow rather than prostrate themselves. It is also possible that the reason most people do not prostrate themselves is because there is usually not enough room in the synagogue for everyone to do so.<\/p>\n

If the flooring is made of a material other than stone, even if it looks like stone, all agree that one may put down a separation and then prostrate himself.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

During Musaf, it is customary to bow down at various points during the description of the Yom Kippur avoda (Temple service), just as the kohanim and the spectators in the Temple courtyard bowed and fell to the ground when the Kohen Gadol uttered the Tetragrammaton. As we will see (10:15-16), the Kohen Gadol uttered it […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[190],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10273","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-15-07"],"yoast_head":"\n14. 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