{"id":10975,"date":"2001-01-02T00:05:43","date_gmt":"2001-01-01T22:05:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/13-02-04-copy\/"},"modified":"2022-09-14T11:17:48","modified_gmt":"2022-09-14T08:17:48","slug":"13-02-05","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/13-02-05\/","title":{"rendered":"05. Supporting the <em>Sekhakh <\/em>with Invalid <em>Sekhakh<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Some maintain that just as something susceptible to <em>tum\u2019a<\/em> may not be used as <em>sekhakh<\/em>, so too, the <em>sekhakh <\/em>may not be supported directly by something susceptible to <em>tum\u2019a<\/em>, so that no one mistakenly uses as <em>sekhakh <\/em>things susceptible to <em>tum\u2019a <\/em>or other invalid material. Accordingly, the <em>sekhakh<\/em> may not be supported directly by iron poles, beams that are susceptible to <em>tum\u2019a<\/em>, or other materials that are invalid for <em>sekhakh<\/em>, such as plastic, which does not grow from the ground. However, even according to this view, it is permissible for the <em>sekhakh <\/em>to be supported directly by a stone wall, as there is no concern that people will mistakenly conclude that stones may be used as <em>sekhakh<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Although the decisive majority of <em>poskim<\/em> maintain that the <em>sekhakh<\/em> can be supported by things susceptible to <em>tum\u2019a<\/em>, <em>le-khat\u1e25ila<\/em> it is good to show concern for the stringent view and not support the <em>sekhakh <\/em>with things susceptible to <em>tum\u2019a<\/em>. Therefore, one who uses a metal frame for the walls of the <em>sukka<\/em> should not, <em>le-khat\u1e25ila<\/em>, lay the <em>sekhakh<\/em> directly on the metal, but rather should lay wooden beams across the metal and then place the <em>sekhakh <\/em>on the wooden beams. However, one who wants to be lenient may place the <em>sekhakh<\/em> directly on the metal, and the <em>sukka<\/em> is still kosher, and he may recite the <em>berakha<\/em> in it.<sup><a href='#_te01ftn2_7' id='_te01ftnref2_7' class='aup1'>[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>If one wishes to be strict and not support the <em>sekhakh<\/em> with material susceptible to <em>tum\u2019a<\/em>, but he is concerned that an ordinary wind might blow the <em>sekhakh<\/em> off, he may place heavy wooden beams which are kosher for <em>sekhakh<\/em> atop the <em>sekhakh<\/em>. If necessary, he may attach the beams to the <em>sukka<\/em> even with material that is invalid for <em>sekhakh<\/em>, such as rope, nails, or plastic zip ties, because these materials are only \u201csupports of the support,\u201d while the supports themselves, the beams, are kosher as <em>sekhakh<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>If the concern is that only an unusually strong wind might blow off the <em>sekhakh<\/em>, then even according to the stringent view, one may tie the <em>sekhakh<\/em> down using ropes or zip ties, because under normal conditions, the <em>sekhakh<\/em> will stay put even without them. Their whole purpose is simply to protect the <em>sekhakh<\/em> from an unusual wind, so they are not considered to be supporting the <em>sekhakh<\/em>.<sup><a href='#_te01ftn2_8' id='_te01ftnref2_8' class='aup1'>[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div>\n<a href='#_te01ftnref2_7' id='_te01ftn2_7'>[7]<\/a>. The basis of this disagreement is in <em>Sukka<\/em> 21b. The Sages permit supporting the <em>sekhakh<\/em> with the posts of a bed, while R. Yehuda forbids. The Amora\u2019im disagree as to R. Yehuda\u2019s rationale. Some maintain that it is because a <em>sukka<\/em> may not lean on something impermanent like a bed, while others maintain that it is because the <em>sekhakh<\/em> may not be supported by something susceptible to <em>tum\u2019a<\/em>. If we rule in accordance with R. Yehuda and also accept the second interpretation of his reasoning, then it would be prohibited to support <em>sekhakh<\/em> with something susceptible to <em>tum\u2019a<\/em>. This is the ruling of Ramban, Ran, and Ritva. However, according to the vast majority of Rishonim, it is not prohibited. Firstly, many Rishonim maintain that the <em>halakha<\/em> follows the Sages (R. Yitz\u1e25ak ibn Gi\u2019at, Rambam in <em>Peirush Ha-mishnayot<\/em>, <em>Ha-ma\u2019or<\/em>, and Rid), in which case there is no reason for concern about using something susceptible to <em>tum\u2019a <\/em>as a support. Many other Rishonim maintain that the <em>halakha<\/em> follows R. Yehuda, since the Gemara discusses his position, but they maintain that the first rationale is the primary one. <em>Terumat Ha-deshen<\/em> states that according to Rif and Rosh, R. Yehuda prohibits this <em>sukka <\/em>because of its impermanence; there is no prohibition on supporting <em>sekhakh<\/em> with something susceptible to <em>tum\u2019a<\/em>. <em>Le<\/em>&#8211;<em>khat\u1e25ila<\/em>, it is proper to show concern for the view of Ramban and those who follow him (see SA 629:7), but the <em>halakha <\/em>is that one may support the <em>sekhakh <\/em>with something susceptible to <em>tum\u2019a<\/em> and recite the <em>berakha<\/em> in such a <em>sukka<\/em>, as this is the position of the decisive majority of <em>poskim<\/em>. This is the ruling of SA 630:13. Furthermore, even according to Ramban and those who follow him, the prohibition is rabbinic (SHT 630:60), and we rule leniently when there is uncertainty about a rabbinic law.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u1e24azon Ish<\/em> (O\u1e24 143:2) has a unique explanation of the view that prohibits supporting <em>sekhakh <\/em>with something susceptible to <em>tum\u2019a<\/em>. In the author\u2019s reading, even if the supports of the supports are susceptible to <em>tum\u2019a<\/em>, the <em>sukka<\/em> is invalid, since the <em>sukka<\/em> could not stand without those indirect supports. Accordingly, one may not reinforce the walls with nails or screws if the <em>sukka<\/em> would collapse upon their removal. However, even according to <em>\u1e24azon Ish<\/em>, this stringency applies only to items which are not kosher as <em>sekhakh <\/em>on the Torah level. Therefore, planks more than 4 <em>tefa\u1e25im<\/em> wide may still be used as support for the <em>sekhakh<\/em>, even though they may not be used as <em>sekhakh<\/em> due to the decree against ceiling material. In practice, the rest of the A\u1e25aronim do not follow this novel view (MA 629:9; <em>Pri Megadim<\/em>,<em> Eshel Avraham<\/em>,<em> ad loc<\/em>. 9; <em>Bi\u2019ur Ha-Gra<\/em> <em>ad loc<\/em>. 11; MB <em>ad loc<\/em>. 25, all based on Ritva, Ramban, and others), nor does common practice. (See <em>Har\u1e25avot<\/em>.)<\/p>\n<p><a href='#_te01ftnref2_8' id='_te01ftn2_8'>[8]<\/a>. If the <em>sekhakh<\/em> will withstand a normal wind without any reinforcements, the reinforcements are not considered to be supporting the <em>sekhakh<\/em>. Therefore, it is not a problem even if they are made of something susceptible to <em>tum\u2019a <\/em>or that is invalid as <em>sekhakh<\/em> (Rashi and <em>Mikhtam<\/em>, <em>Sukka<\/em> 21b; Ritva, <em>Sukka <\/em>19a; <em>Shevet Ha-Levi<\/em> 6:74; <em>Be-tzel Ha-\u1e25okhma<\/em> 5:44). If there is concern that a normal wind would blow the <em>sekhakh<\/em> off, one should place beams that are kosher as <em>sekhakh<\/em> on it. If there is still concern that the wind will blow off the beams, he should tie them down or nail them to the walls. In this way, only the supports of the supports are susceptible to <em>tum\u2019a<\/em>, and this is permitted even according to those Rishonim who forbid supporting the <em>sekhakh <\/em>with something susceptible to <em>tum\u2019a<\/em>, as explained in the previous note. Only according to \u1e24azon Ish is this forbidden for the Rishonim who adopt the stringent view, and even \u1e24azon Ish agrees that, when necessary, one may rely on the majority view of Rishonim that one may support the <em>sekhakh<\/em> with something susceptible to <em>tum\u2019a<\/em>. This is proper practice to avoid a situation where an unusually strong wind might blow off the <em>sekhakh<\/em> on Shabbat or Yom Tov (when it would be forbidden to replace it because of the prohibition of <em>Boneh<\/em>). If the ropes are only helpful in a case of an unusual wind, they are not considered supports at all.<\/p>\n<p>We should add that the decree against ceiling material is not grounds to forbid driving nails into large beams whose purpose is to prevent the <em>sekhakh <\/em>from flying off (see MA 627:2, based on <em>Tosafot<\/em>), because only when the nails are used to reinforce the planks that are the primary <em>sekhakh<\/em> is this a concern, as explained in AHS 629:32 and SHT 633:6. However, when the nails are only in the beams holding down the <em>sekhakh<\/em>, there is no reason for concern. (This goes against the stringent ruling in <em>Piskei Teshuvot<\/em> 629:11 and nn. 26 and 62, that the nails may not pass from the beam to the walls through the mat or slats; see <em>Ha-sukka Ha-shalem<\/em> pp. 290 and 335, which states that some say that even nailing down the <em>sekhakh<\/em> itself does not invalidate it.<\/p>\n<p>When tying down the <em>sekhakh<\/em> is necessary so that a normal wind does not blow it off, rope is preferable to plastic zip ties, because rope is invalid as <em>sekhakh<\/em> only rabbinically, and most <em>poskim<\/em> (even those who are stringent) allow supporting the <em>sekhakh <\/em>with something invalid only rabbinically. See <em>Har\u1e25avot<\/em> 5:3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Some maintain that just as something susceptible to tum\u2019a may not be used as sekhakh, so too, the sekhakh may not be supported directly by something susceptible to tum\u2019a, so that no one mistakenly uses as sekhakh things susceptible to tum\u2019a or other invalid material. Accordingly, the sekhakh may not be supported directly by iron [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[200],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10975","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-13-02"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>05. 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Accordingly, the sekhakh may not be supported directly by iron [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/13-02-05\/","og_site_name":"Peninei Halakha","article_published_time":"2001-01-01T22:05:43+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-09-14T08:17:48+00:00","author":"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/13-02-05\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/13-02-05\/"},"author":{"name":"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8","@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/8822293bfa4f7cd35b44a3c311851b63"},"headline":"05. 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