{"id":10992,"date":"2001-01-02T00:13:20","date_gmt":"2001-01-01T22:13:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=10992"},"modified":"2022-09-14T11:29:26","modified_gmt":"2022-09-14T08:29:26","slug":"13-02-13","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/13-02-13\/","title":{"rendered":"13. Building Directly and a Stolen or Borrowed Sukka<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"

If one hollows out a haystack to make a sukka<\/em>, even though the hay is kosher sekhakh<\/em>, the sukka <\/em>is invalid because of the principle of \u201c\u2018ta\u2019aseh<\/em>\u2019 \u2013 ve-lo min he-asui<\/em>\u201d (\u201c\u2018you shall make\u2019 \u2013 not something ready-made\u201d). That is, one must make the sukka <\/em>by laying the sekhakh<\/em>, and it cannot be made indirectly by hollowing out the area under the kosher sekhakh<\/em>.<\/p>\n

The principle of \u201c\u2018ta\u2019aseh<\/em>\u2019 \u2013 ve-lo min he-asui<\/em>\u201d dictates the procedure for building the sukka<\/em>: One must build the walls first and only then lay the sekhakh<\/em>. If he reversed the sequence and put up the sekhakh<\/em> first, according to many poskim<\/em> the sukka<\/em> is invalid, because the sukka <\/em>must be \u201cmade,\u201d i.e., completed, by putting up sekhakh<\/em>, and if one put up the sekhakh <\/em>first, it is the building of the walls that completes the sukka<\/em>.[18]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

An awning or tarp may be placed above the sukka <\/em>such that it can be spread over the sukka<\/em> when it rains and removed when it stops raining, so that all can enter a dry sukka<\/em>. While the tarp is spread, the sukka<\/em> is invalid, as the tarp constitutes a barrier between the sekhakh<\/em> and the sky. Once the tarp is removed, though, the sukka<\/em> is kosher again. However, if the sukka<\/em> was built while the tarp or awning was spread above it, many maintain that the sukka<\/em> is invalid, because a sukka <\/em>must be made kosher by placing sekhakh<\/em>, not by removing a tarp or awning (Ba\u1e25<\/em>; MB 626:18; Rema 626:3 is lenient).<\/p>\n

One may fulfill the mitzva with a borrowed sukka<\/em>, which one has permission to use (Sukka<\/em> 27b; SA 637:2). If the owner of a sukka<\/em> is away, and there is no way to obtain his permission to use his sukka<\/em>, one may nevertheless sit in this sukka<\/em>, because the Sages assume that a Jew is pleased when his property is used to perform a mitzva. However, if it is known that the owner is careful about who he allows in his sukka<\/em>, or if there is concern that the owner will return, be too embarrassed to enter the sukka<\/em> when he sees strangers sitting there, and be upset that they are in his sukka<\/em>, then one may not use the sukka<\/em> without explicit permission (Taz<\/em> ad loc. <\/em>4; Bikurei Yaakov<\/em> ad loc. <\/em>4; MB ad loc. <\/em>9).<\/p>\n

One may not build a sukka<\/em> on private property without the owner\u2019s permission, nor may one build it on public property if the public or its representatives oppose it. If one nevertheless builds a sukka<\/em> in such a place and sits in it, he may not recite the berakha<\/em>, for this is not a blessing, but blasphemy, as the sukka <\/em>was built through transgression.[19]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[18]<\/a>. If one put up the sekhakh<\/em> before the walls, some consider the sukka<\/em> invalid (Maharil; Rema 635:1; Levush<\/em>; MB ad loc.<\/em> 10; Ben Ish \u1e24ai<\/em>, Year 2, Ha\u2019azinu). Others rule it kosher (Ba\u1e25<\/em>; Birkei Yosef<\/em>; Beit Ha-sho\u2019eva<\/em>; AHS ad loc.<\/em> 5; \u1e24azon<\/em> Ovadia<\/em>, p. 38). One should be strict due to this uncertainty. If one first put up small, tefa\u1e25<\/em>-high walls close to the sekhakh <\/em>and reaching the minimum requisite length of three kosher walls, and then put up the sekhakh<\/em>, the sukka<\/em> is kosher, since he started building the walls before putting up the sekhakh<\/em>. A height of one tefa\u1e25<\/em> is the smallest size that qualifies as an ohel<\/em>, as we derive from the discussion of the haystack in Sukka<\/em> 16a.<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a>. If one builds a sukka<\/em> on another\u2019s or on public property (such that it is a nuisance to passersby, and the public and its representatives would certainly forbid building a sukka <\/em>there), he has fulfilled his obligation be-di\u2019avad<\/em>, since he has not actually stolen anything; the space remains in the possession of its owner or the public. However, since building and staying in the sukka<\/em> are prohibited, he may not recite the berakha <\/em>(SA 637:3; MA ad loc. <\/em>1; SAH ad loc. <\/em>11). In the margins of public property or in a place where a sukka<\/em> barely bothers passersby, once may build a sukka <\/em>(as is the accepted practice in many places), because as long as no one objects, we presume that they accept what he has done (BHL 637:3 s.v. \u201cve-khen\u201d).<\/p>\n

If one steals a sukka<\/em> that had been put up in a wagon, and he sits in it, he has not fulfilled his obligation; since the sukka<\/em> is not attached to the ground, it can be halakhically “stolen”, and one does not fulfill his obligation in a stolen sukka<\/em>. One who stole wood and used it to build a sukka<\/em> can fulfill the mitzva in it and recite the berakha<\/em>, even though he has violated a prohibition. This is because of the Sages\u2019 enactment (to ease the path of those who seek to make restitution) that one who steals wood and builds it into a house must repay its value but need not demolish his home to return the original wood. That is, the Sages deem the wood to be the thief\u2019s property, with no connection to the original owner. Consequently, one fulfills the mitzva with, and may even recite the berakha <\/em>on, a sukka <\/em>of stolen wood (Sukka<\/em> 31a; SA 637:3; MB ad loc<\/em>. 15).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

If one hollows out a haystack to make a sukka, even though the hay is kosher sekhakh, the sukka is invalid because of the principle of \u201c\u2018ta\u2019aseh\u2019 \u2013 ve-lo min he-asui\u201d (\u201c\u2018you shall make\u2019 \u2013 not something ready-made\u201d). That is, one must make the sukka by laying the sekhakh, and it cannot be made indirectly […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[200],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10992","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-13-02"],"yoast_head":"\n13. 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