{"id":11061,"date":"2001-01-05T00:02:20","date_gmt":"2001-01-04T22:02:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=11061"},"modified":"2022-09-14T13:24:48","modified_gmt":"2022-09-14T10:24:48","slug":"13-05-02","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/13-05-02\/","title":{"rendered":"02. Bundling the Four Species"},"content":{"rendered":"

The four species are all requisite; if one of them is missing, the mitzva is not fulfilled with the other three (Mena\u1e25ot<\/em> 27a). The mitzva is to take the four species together. Be-di\u2019avad<\/em>, the mitzva is fulfilled, and the berakha<\/em> may be recited, by taking them serially (SA 651:12).<\/p>\n

Not only is there a mitzva to take all four species together, there is also a mitzva to bundle the lulav<\/em> with the hadasim<\/em> and aravot<\/em>, as doing so beautifies the mitzva, and beautifying a mitzva is itself a mitzva, as the Torah says, \u201cThis is my God and I will glorify Him\u201d (Shemot 15:2). But the etrog<\/em> is not bundled with the other three. The Sages derive this from a subtlety in the verse (Vayikra 23:40) that describes the four species. The lulav<\/em>, hadasim<\/em>, and aravot<\/em> are joined by a conjunction, the letter \u201cvav<\/em>,\u201d while the etrog <\/em>stands alone (\u201cpri etz hadar<\/em>, kapot temarim va<\/strong>-anaf etz avot ve<\/strong>-arvei na\u1e25al<\/em>\u201d). Thus, the etrog <\/em>is not bundled with the rest.<\/p>\n

Some say it is necessary to use a permanent knot \u2013 the kind forbidden to tie on Shabbat, like a double knot. Consequently, even those who use koishelakh<\/em> (\u201clittle baskets\u201d woven from lulav<\/em> leaves) to hold the three species together should also bind them with a double knot (SA 651:1). Others say this is not necessary; rather, the main thing is for the three species to be bundled together (Ritva; see MB 651:8).<\/p>\n

Despite the fact that many people bundle the three species using lulav<\/em> leaves, one may use any type of thread or strap (SA 651:1).<\/p>\n

When bundling the lulav<\/em> with the hadasim<\/em> and aravot<\/em>, one must make sure that the spine of the lulav<\/em> extends at least a tefa\u1e25<\/em> beyond them (SA 650:2). If the hadasim<\/em> and aravot<\/em> are long and the lulav<\/em> is so short that its spine does not extend a tefa\u1e25<\/em> beyond them, one must either shorten the hadasim<\/em> and aravot<\/em> to the minimum requisite length of 3 tefa\u1e25im<\/em>, so that the spine of the lulav <\/em>extends a tefa\u1e25<\/em> beyond them, or one should bundle them lower than the lulav<\/em>, so that the spine of the lulav<\/em> extends a tefa\u1e25<\/em> beyond their tips.<\/p>\n

One should not take more than one lulav<\/em> and one etrog<\/em> at once. The minimum is three hadasim<\/em> and two aravot<\/em>, and if one wishes to add hadasim<\/em> and aravot<\/em> he may, although many are meticulous not to add to the required three hadasim <\/em>and two aravot <\/em>(SA 651:15).<\/p>\n

One may not add a fifth species to the four mandated by the Torah. One who does so violates the prohibition of \u201cbal tosif<\/em>\u201d (adding mitzvot <\/em>to the Torah) (SA 651:14).[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Some place the hadasim<\/em> on the right of the spine of lulav<\/em> and the aravot<\/em> on the left (Shlah<\/em>; MB 651:12). Others place one hadas<\/em> on the right, one on the left, and one in the middle, and one arava<\/em> on the right and one on the left (MA ad loc<\/em>. 4 in the name of Arizal). Both ways fulfill the mitzva even for the most meticulous.<\/p>\n

Some are meticulous to have the hadasim<\/em> extend a little higher than the aravot<\/em>, because hadasim<\/em> symbolize the righteous, while aravot<\/em> allude to the unlearned (Rema 651:1).<\/p>\n

In addition to the mitzva of bundling the three species together, some are meticulous to bind the lulav <\/em>itself with three additional knots, though Ashkenazim take care to leave the top of the lulav<\/em> unbound, so that it rustles when shaken (Rema 651:1; MB ad loc<\/em>. 14). Some have the custom of binding the lulav<\/em> with 18 knots. (See Kaf Ha-\u1e25ayim<\/em> ad loc<\/em>. 16.)<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[1]<\/a>. Some say that just as it is prohibited to add a fifth species, so it is prohibited to add a wild hadas <\/em>(Behag<\/em>; see 4:8 above). Others maintain that a wild hadas<\/em> is not considered an additional species, so one who wishes to add it may do so (R. Natronai Gaon and R. Paltoi Gaon). This is the Yemenite custom.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The four species are all requisite; if one of them is missing, the mitzva is not fulfilled with the other three (Mena\u1e25ot 27a). The mitzva is to take the four species together. Be-di\u2019avad, the mitzva is fulfilled, and the berakha may be recited, by taking them serially (SA 651:12). Not only is there a mitzva […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[211],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11061","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-13-05"],"yoast_head":"\n02. 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