{"id":11889,"date":"2026-07-01T00:03:51","date_gmt":"2026-06-30T21:03:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=11889"},"modified":"2026-08-03T10:19:58","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T07:19:58","slug":"17-01-03","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/17-01-03\/","title":{"rendered":"3. The Prohibition of \u1e24adash"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"direction: ltr\"><\/h2>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">The prohibition of <em>\u1e25adash<\/em> applies to the five grain species from which bread is made: wheat, barley, spelt, oats, and rye, as the verse states (Vayikra 23:14): \u201cYou shall eat neither bread, nor parched grain, nor fresh grain until this very day.\u201d Bread is made from flour produced from these five grains, which are capable of becoming \u1e25ametz. If dough made from them is left to stand, it ferments, allowing it to become fine bread, the staple of human nourishment. By contrast, if the dough is kneaded and baked quickly, before it has time to ferment, it becomes \u201cbread of affliction\u201d (<em>le\u1e25em oni<\/em>) \u2013 the matza we are commanded to eat on Pesa\u1e25 (<em>Mena\u1e25ot<\/em> 70a\u2013b).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\"><em>\u1e24adash<\/em> \u2013 grain subject to the prohibition of the new crop \u2013 may not be eaten, but one may derive benefit from it. Therefore, one may feed <em>\u1e25adash<\/em> to animals (<em>Mishna<\/em>, <em>Mena\u1e25ot<\/em> 10:8; <em>Pesa\u1e25im<\/em> 23a). Likewise, one may sell <em>\u1e25adash<\/em> to a gentile, provided there is no concern that Jews will come to eat it.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">The Torah specifies \u201cbread, parched grain, and fresh grain\u201d to teach that new grain is prohibited in every edible form. \u201cBread\u201d is the most refined form, since its preparation requires grinding the kernels, kneading the flour with water, and baking the dough. \u201cParched grain\u201d (<em>kali<\/em>) refers to kernels roasted over fire, while \u201cfresh grain\u201d (<em>karmel<\/em>) refers to raw kernels eaten as they are. Cooked dishes made from new grain are included in the prohibition as well, since the prohibition of <em>\u1e25adash<\/em> takes effect once the grain has reached the stage of <em>karmel<\/em>, and cooking does not remove that status. The prohibition also includes all flour products, such as bran, coarse bran, starch, and gluten, as well as oatmeal, which is made from crushed oats. Beverages produced from new grain are included as well, whether made by pressing, cooking, or brewing \u2013 such as beer and other grain-based drinks.<sup><a id=\"_te01ftnref1_1\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_te01ftn1_1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">Any grain that had taken root by the 16th of Nisan \u2013 even if it had not yet emerged above ground \u2013 is permitted on the day of the Omer. Grain that had not taken root by the 16th of Nisan is not permitted by the Omer that year and remains forbidden until the Omer of the following year. Grain seeds are presumed to take root in the soil two weeks after they are sown (<em>Dagul Me-Revava<\/em>; R. Akiva Eiger). Some authorities maintain that grain takes root within only three days of sowing (<em>Terumat Ha-deshen<\/em>). Since this is a Torah prohibition, the halakha follows the stringent view. However, if it is known with certainty that the grain took root before the 16th of Nisan, it becomes permitted on the day of the Omer even if two full weeks have not passed since sowing (see <em>Yerushalmi<\/em>, <em>Shevi\u2019it<\/em> 2:4).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">The prohibition of <em>\u1e25adash<\/em> applies to all grain, including grain grown in an unperforated pot or in water (Rashash to <em>Pesa\u1e25im<\/em> 36b; <em>Divrei David<\/em>, vol. 4, YD 50:2).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">Grain kernels that became permitted on the day of the Omer may be sprouted, and the leaves that grow from them may be eaten without waiting for the next Omer. The prohibition of <em>\u1e25adash<\/em> applies to the kernels themselves, even before they have reached one-third of their growth; it does not apply to the stalks (<em>Sha\u2019agat Aryeh<\/em>, <em>\u1e24adash<\/em> \u00a74).<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr style=\"direction: ltr\" size=\"1\" \/>\n<div>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\"><a id=\"_te01ftn1_1\" href=\"#_te01ftnref1_1\">[1]<\/a>. The Sages state that one who violates this prohibition by eating an olive-bulk of bread, an olive-bulk of parched grain, and an olive-bulk of fresh grain is liable for three sets of lashes (<em>Keritot<\/em> 5a). Likewise, one who eats a cooked dish made from new grain violates a Torah prohibition and is liable for lashes; since the prohibition already took effect when the grain was in the stage of <em>karmel<\/em>, grinding and cooking it do not remove the prohibition (<em>\u1e24atam Sofer<\/em>, YD 114; see <em>Har Tzvi<\/em>, YD 239).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">One who drinks a beverage made from new grain violates a Torah prohibition but is not subject to lashes. Only wine and oil are treated as equivalent to the fruit itself; liquids extracted from other produce do not have that status for purposes of lashes (MT, Laws of Forbidden Foods 10:22; see <em>Peninei Halakha: Shabbat<\/em> 12, note 13). Some authorities maintain that a beverage derived from <em>\u1e25adash<\/em> is prohibited only rabbinically, since it is not the grain itself but merely liquid extracted from it (<em>Mishkenot Yaakov<\/em>, YD 68; <em>Penei Yehoshua<\/em>, <em>Kuntres A\u1e25aron<\/em> to <em>Kiddushin<\/em>). <em>Le\u1e25em Mishneh<\/em> to <em>Mishna<\/em>, <em>Terumot<\/em> 11:2 goes further and maintains that such beverages are permitted. However, the overwhelming majority of authorities maintain that beverages made from <em>\u1e25adash<\/em> are prohibited by Torah law (Maharam of Rothenburg; Rosh; Semag; <em>Rokea\u1e25<\/em>; <em>\u1e24akham Tzvi<\/em> \u00a720; <em>Shev Yaakov<\/em> \u00a761; <em>Sha\u2019agat Aryeh Ha-\u1e25adashot<\/em>, \u1e24adash \u00a713; <em>\u1e24ok Yaakov<\/em> 489:22; AHS YD 293:23\u201327).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The prohibition of \u1e25adash applies to the five grain species from which bread is made: wheat, barley, spelt, oats, and rye, as the verse states (Vayikra 23:14): \u201cYou shall eat neither bread, nor parched grain, nor fresh grain until this very day.\u201d Bread is made from flour produced from these five grains, which are capable [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[221],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11889","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-17-01"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>3. 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