{"id":11908,"date":"2026-07-02T00:03:51","date_gmt":"2026-07-01T21:03:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=11908"},"modified":"2026-08-03T11:27:43","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T08:27:43","slug":"17-02-03","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/17-02-03\/","title":{"rendered":"3. The Prohibition Against Deriving Benefit"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><\/h2>\n<p>One may neither eat nor derive benefit from fruit that grows during a tree\u2019s first three years. For this reason, one may not light a lamp with oil extracted from <em>orla<\/em> fruit, nor may one fuel an oven with <em>orla<\/em> fruit. One may not place <em>orla<\/em> fruit in the ground as fertilizer, although one may throw it onto the ground if he does not intend to fertilize with it. One may not use <em>orla<\/em> fruit even for a mitzva; therefore, an <em>orla<\/em> etrog is invalid for the mitzva of the four species on Sukkot (<em>Sukka<\/em> 34b; SA YD 294:24; <em>Peninei Halakha: Sukkot<\/em> 4:12). It is likewise forbidden to benefit from the fragrance of <em>orla<\/em> fruit (SA YD 108:7).<sup><a id=\"_te01ftnref2_2\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_te01ftn2_2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>It is also forbidden to dye a garment with dye produced from <em>orla<\/em> fruit. A garment dyed with <em>orla<\/em> fruit may not be used; to prevent people from mistakenly benefiting from it, it must be burned (<em>Yerushalmi<\/em>, <em>Orla<\/em> 3:1; <em>Kiddushin<\/em> 56b). Whenever there is concern that people may derive benefit from <em>orla<\/em> fruit, there is a mitzva to burn it or destroy it in some other way that makes benefit impossible. When possible, it is good to remove the blossoms or fruit while they are still small, so that people will not mistakenly benefit from them. <sup><a id=\"_te01ftnref2_3\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_te01ftn2_3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>One may not derive benefit from anything that develops together with the fruit, including the pits, peel, and juice. By contrast, one may derive benefit from the tree itself, its leaves, and its blossoms. One may also derive benefit from <em>semadar<\/em> \u2014 fruit so small that it is not yet considered fruit. Once the fruit reaches the stage of <em>boser<\/em> \u2014 recognizable but still unripe fruit \u2014 it is considered fruit, even though it is still unfit to eat, and the prohibition of <em>orla<\/em> applies (<em>Mishna<\/em>, <em>Orla<\/em> 1:7\u20139; SA YD 294:1\u20132). <sup><a id=\"_te01ftnref2_4\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_te01ftn2_4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>It is forbidden to plant the pits of <em>orla<\/em> fruit. Nor may one place <em>orla<\/em> fruit in the ground in order to grow a tree from it. One may, however, plant a branch from an <em>orla<\/em> tree, since one may derive benefit from the wood itself (<em>Mishna<\/em>, <em>Orla<\/em> 1:9). If one transgressed and planted <em>orla<\/em> fruit, one may derive benefit from the tree that grows from it. This is based on the rule of <em>zeh ve-zeh gorem mutar<\/em>: when two factors together produce something, one forbidden and one permitted, the result is permitted. Here, the two causes are the forbidden fruit and the permitted soil. Therefore, one may derive benefit from the resulting tree (SA YD 294:12).<\/p>\n<p>The prohibition of <em>orla<\/em> also applies to fruit from a tree owned by a gentile, and a Jew may not derive benefit from that fruit. Nevertheless, a gentile may benefit from <em>orla<\/em> fruit that grew on his own tree or on a tree owned by a Jew, because the prohibition of <em>orla<\/em> applies to Jews, not gentiles. Still, since a Jew may not derive benefit from the fruit, he may not sell his <em>orla<\/em> fruit to a gentile, give it as a gift, or even feed it to an animal, because in each of these cases he derives benefit from it (MT, Laws of Forbidden Foods 8:16).<\/p>\n<p>Before any <em>orla<\/em> fruit has begun to grow, however, one may sell a gentile the rights to the future crop. Since the Jew receives payment before the fruit exists, he is not deriving benefit from the fruit itself, but from the tree, from which benefit is permitted (SA YD 294:15; <em>Nekudot ha-Kesef<\/em> on MT, Laws of Forbidden Foods 8:16). This leniency applies only when there is no concern that the gentile will later sell the <em>orla<\/em> fruit to Jews and cause them to transgress, such as when he sells it in a place where no Jews live.<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div>\n<a href=\"#_te01ftnref2_2\" id=\"_te01ftn2_2\">[2]<\/a>. According to the <em>Yerushalmi<\/em>, <em>Orla<\/em> 3:1, and <em>Pesa\u1e25im<\/em> 21b, \u1e24izkiya holds that wherever the Torah states, \u201cit shall not be eaten,\u201d as it does with <em>orla<\/em>, one may not derive benefit from the forbidden fruit. Otherwise, people could sell the fruit and use the money to buy food, so the prohibition would indirectly lead to eating. When the Torah says \u201cyou shall not eat,\u201d as with <em>neveila<\/em> or <em>tereifa<\/em>, the food is forbidden to eat but permitted for benefit. Rosh writes likewise (<em>\u1e24ullin<\/em> 7:17). R. Abbahu holds that any formulation prohibiting eating also prohibits benefit, unless a separate source permits such benefit. Rambam rules this way too (MT, Laws of Forbidden Foods 8:15). The Sages further derived from the threefold repetition of the term <em>orla<\/em> that all forms of benefit are included (<em>Pesa\u1e25im<\/em> 22b). Regarding the permission to throw the fruit on the ground without intent to fertilize, see Tosafot on <em>Avoda Zara<\/em> 43b, s.v. <em>amru lo<\/em>, and <em>Mishpetei Eretz<\/em> 10:9.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_te01ftnref2_3\" id=\"_te01ftn2_3\">[3]<\/a>. <em>The <\/em>Mishna<em> in Temura 7:4 states<\/em>: \u201cThese are to be burned: \u1e25ametz on Pesa\u1e25, impure <em>teruma<\/em>, <em>orla<\/em>, and <em>kil\u2019ei ha-kerem<\/em>. Whatever is usually burned should be burned, and whatever is usually buried should be buried.\u201d Tosafot imply that one must burn <em>orla<\/em> and <em>kil\u2019ei ha-kerem<\/em>, based on the verse \u201clest it become consecrated,\u201d which they read homiletically as \u201clest it be consumed by fire\u201d (<em>Kiddushin<\/em> 56b). Ritva, by contrast, maintains that there is no obligation to burn them; rather, they must simply be destroyed. <em>Binyan Tziyon<\/em> 101 explains that the purpose is to prevent anyone from benefiting from them. Therefore, items better suited to burial should be buried, since there is no specific obligation to burn them. <em>Arukh ha-Shul\u1e25an<\/em> YD 294:3 rules similarly. <em>\u1e24atam Sofer<\/em>, O\u1e24 180, writes that by burning <em>orla<\/em> one fulfills a mitzva, but burning it is not obligatory.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_te01ftnref2_4\" id=\"_te01ftn2_4\">[4]<\/a>. Fruit develops in three stages. The first is <em>semadar<\/em>, when the emerging fruit is not yet halakhically considered fruit. This stage begins when the blossom falls and the tiny fruit first appears and lasts until the fruit\u2019s form is recognizable. The second is <em>boser<\/em>, recognizable but still unripe fruit. Once its form is recognizable, it has the status of fruit even though it is still unfit to eat. The third is <em>hevi shelish<\/em>, when the fruit has matured enough to be edible in pressing circumstances. From that point on, tithes must be separated from it. R. Yosi holds that the prohibition of <em>orla<\/em> begins already at <em>semadar<\/em>, while the Sages hold that it begins only at <em>boser<\/em> (<em>Mishna<\/em>, <em>Orla<\/em> 1:7; <em>Tiferet Yisrael<\/em> on <em>Mishna<\/em>, <em>Orla<\/em> 1:7). <em>Berakhot<\/em> 36b explains this based on <em>Mishna<\/em>, <em>Shevi\u2019it<\/em> 4:10. There, Beit Hillel says that during the Shemita year, one may no longer cut branches from grapevines, olive trees, and carob trees once they reach the <em>boser<\/em> stage: for grapes, when the berries form; for olives, when they blossom; and for carobs, when they begin to form chains. Radvaz explains Rambam\u2019s ruling this way (Responsa 1:44; MT, Laws of Second Tithe and Fourth-Year Fruit 9:13), and the Vilna Gaon, YD 294:37, writes similarly. Date clusters are different, however, because people eat them even at the <em>semadar<\/em> stage (Radvaz).<\/p>\n<p><em>Berakhot<\/em> 36b states that, with other fruits, the Sages agree with R. Yosi that <em>semadar<\/em> is forbidden. <em>\u1e24azon Ish<\/em>, <em>Orla<\/em> 3:5, takes this statement literally and concludes that only grapes, olives, and carobs remain permitted at the <em>semadar<\/em> stage, while other fruits are already forbidden. The Vilna Gaon, however, understands the Gemara\u2019s statement as part of the give-and-take of the discussion, not its final conclusion. He therefore rules that for all fruits, <em>semadar<\/em> is permitted and <em>boser<\/em> is forbidden. That is the accepted halakha, since there is no compelling reason to distinguish among different types of fruit.<\/p>\n<p>For further study: SA YD 294:4 writes that at the end of the third year, fruit that reached <em>\u1e25anata<\/em> after Tu Bishvat is permitted. R. Kook inclines toward this view in <em>Mishpat Kohen<\/em> 3. According to Rambam, SA, and most authorities, <em>\u1e25anata<\/em> is the stage at which the fruit reaches one-third of its growth, is fit to be eaten in pressing circumstances, and reaches the point at which one must separate tithes from it (<em>Peninei Halakha: Shevi\u2019it<\/em> 3, note 6). This creates a difficulty for SA\u2019s view, since we learned here that fruit becomes prohibited as <em>orla<\/em> already at the <em>boser<\/em> stage. How, then, could such fruit suddenly become permitted once Tu Bishvat arrives? Rambam\u2019s own wording is: \u201cEverything the tree produces during this time is <em>orla<\/em>\u201d (MT, Laws of Second Tithe and Fourth-Year Fruit 9:10), which implies that the prohibition begins once the fruit reaches <em>boser<\/em>. According to Tosafot, however, <em>\u1e25anata<\/em> begins at the <em>semadar<\/em> stage. It is therefore possible that when Rashi writes (<em>Rosh Hashana<\/em> 14a) that the years of <em>orla<\/em> are determined by <em>\u1e25anata<\/em>, he understands <em>\u1e25anata<\/em> as the <em>semadar<\/em> stage, as Tosafot do. This is how <em>Mishpetei Eretz<\/em> 2:2 rules. Alternatively, one can explain SA\u2019s view as follows: from the first of Tishrei until Tu Bishvat of the final year, <em>orla<\/em> applies only to fruit that developed from the previous year\u2019s rainfall. It therefore stands to reason that only fruit that reached <em>\u1e25anata<\/em> before Tu Bishvat developed from those rains. Fruit that had reached only the <em>boser<\/em> stage developed from the rains of the new year and is therefore not prohibited. Rambam, who does not state his position explicitly, may agree with this explanation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One may neither eat nor derive benefit from fruit that grows during a tree\u2019s first three years. For this reason, one may not light a lamp with oil extracted from orla fruit, nor may one fuel an oven with orla fruit. One may not place orla fruit in the ground as fertilizer, although one may [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[223],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11908","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-17-02"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>3. 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