{"id":11961,"date":"2026-07-04T00:03:51","date_gmt":"2026-07-03T21:03:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=11961"},"modified":"2026-08-03T14:05:54","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T11:05:54","slug":"17-04-03","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/17-04-03\/","title":{"rendered":"03. The Required Separations for Seed Kilayim"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"direction: ltr\">The basic principle in the laws of seed <em>kilayim<\/em> is that two species may be planted near one another when they remain visibly distinct, but not when they appear mixed together. The larger the field, the greater the required separation, so that the distinction between the species remains recognizable. The required separation also depends on the density, size, and length of the plants\u2019 leaves: grain, whose stalks grow tall, requires a greater separation, while vegetables generally require a smaller one, except for vegetables with especially large leaves.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\"><strong>Vegetables:<\/strong> By Torah law, one must leave one <em>tefa\u1e25<\/em> \u2013 approximately 8 cm \u2013 between one vegetable species and another. The Sages extended the required separation to one and a half <em>tefa\u1e25im<\/em> \u2013 approximately 12 cm. If that distance was left between the two species, there is no prohibition against <em>kilayim<\/em> even if their branches later grow until they touch, since the stems emerging from the ground remain properly separated. There are a few exceptions, such as gourds, whose leaves are especially large and tend to intertwine with neighboring species. In such cases, one must ensure that the leaves of the two species do not touch. These rules apply to beds in a garden. Two vegetable fields, however, must be separated by a square area one <em>ama<\/em> by one <em>ama<\/em> \u2013 approximately half a meter by half a meter. Along the rest of the boundary between the fields, it is proper to leave a gap of one <em>tefa\u1e25<\/em>.<sup><a id=\"_te01ftnref4_3\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_te01ftn4_3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\"><strong>Grain:<\/strong> Since grain is normally sown over large areas, greater separation is required. By Torah law, the required distance is one <em>ama<\/em>. The Sages, however, ruled that this distance is adequate only for small plantings less than one <em>ama<\/em> wide. For grain sown in medium-sized plots, known as a <em>meishar<\/em>, whose width is at least one <em>ama<\/em>, the separating area must begin with a square of two <em>amot<\/em> by two <em>amot<\/em> \u2013 approximately one meter by one meter \u2013 and may then taper diagonally, as illustrated below, until only a minimal gap remains between the fields.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/07\/\u05ea\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d44.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11980 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/07\/\u05ea\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d44.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"275\" height=\"107\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">When grain is sown in large fields, as is usual, the required separation is a <em>beit rova<\/em>, a square of about five meters by five meters. Along the rest of the boundary, it is proper to leave a one-<em>ama<\/em> gap running the length of the two fields.<sup><a id=\"_te01ftnref4_4\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_te01ftn4_4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">Authorities disagree whether legumes are treated like grain or like vegetables. Therefore, one must leave one <em>ama<\/em> between the two plantings, regardless of the field\u2019s size.<sup><a id=\"_te01ftnref4_5\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_te01ftn4_5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> When grain is sown next to vegetables or legumes, or vegetables are sown next to legumes, the required separations are more complex and depend on the size of the field. In any case, the requirement is no stricter than for grain.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">If a partition ten <em>tefa\u1e25im<\/em> high \u2013 approximately 80 cm \u2013 stands between two fields, no further separation is needed. This is true even of a reed partition, provided that no gap between reeds exceeds three <em>tefa\u1e25im<\/em>; the partition itself separates the fields. Even if the roots of the two species are known to intertwine underground, there is no <em>kilayim<\/em> prohibition so long as the partition creates a visible separation. Similarly, a road four <em>amot<\/em> wide \u2013 about 1.84 meters \u2013 or a plowed strip of the same width separates the fields, so the large five-by-five-meter <em>beit rova<\/em> separation is not required.<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div>\n<p><a id=\"_te01ftn4_3\" href=\"#_te01ftnref4_3\">[3]<\/a>. According to most Rishonim and A\u1e25aronim, one <em>tefa\u1e25<\/em> suffices by Torah law to separate vegetables, but the rabbinic requirement is one and a half <em>tefa\u1e25im<\/em>. This is the view of R. \u1e24ananel, Rambam, Rash, Rosh, R. Ovadia of Bartenura, <em>Kaftor Va-Fera\u1e25<\/em>, SA YD 297:34, and others. Others maintain that the rabbinic requirement is three <em>tefa\u1e25im<\/em> (Rashi; Rabbeinu Tam; Ritva). According to the Vilna Gaon, it is six <em>tefa\u1e25im<\/em>. Still others maintain that even rabbinically, one <em>tefa\u1e25<\/em> suffices (Geonim; R. Sa\u2019adia Gaon).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">A garden bed for which a separation of one and a half <em>tefa\u1e25im<\/em> suffices is one that is no more than one <em>ama<\/em> long \u2013 six <em>tefa\u1e25im<\/em>, or about half a meter. A field, by contrast, requires a separation of one square <em>ama<\/em>. According to \u1e24azon Ish, this category begins with an area of a <em>beit rova<\/em>, about 22 square meters \u2013 10.2 <em>amot<\/em> by 10.2 <em>amot<\/em>. According to R. Yisraeli, it begins only with a <em>beit tish\u2019a kabin<\/em>, about 780 square meters. If the planted area is larger than a garden bed but smaller than a field, \u1e24azon Ish requires either a separation of one and a half <em>tefa\u1e25im<\/em> or a furrow one <em>tefa\u1e25<\/em> deep and one <em>tefa\u1e25<\/em> wide. According to R. Yisraeli, however, a furrow is always required. According to Rash, the furrow must run along the entire planted area. According to Rambam, the furrow need only run for six <em>tefa\u1e25im<\/em>; after that, a gap of one <em>tefa\u1e25<\/em> is sufficient.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">The precise measurements are as follows: one <em>tefa\u1e25<\/em> is 7.6 cm; one <em>ama<\/em> \u2013 six <em>tefa\u1e25im<\/em> \u2013 is 45.6 cm; and a <em>beit rova<\/em> is ten and one-fifth <em>amot<\/em> by ten and one-fifth <em>amot<\/em>, or 4.65 meters by 4.65 meters (<em>Peninei Halakha: Sukkot<\/em> 2, note 1). SA YD 296:68 explains that with respect to <em>kilayim<\/em>, these measurements should be expanded and calculated as generous measures of <em>tefa\u1e25<\/em> and <em>ama<\/em>. Therefore, in the practical measurements given above, we rounded upward: a <em>tefa\u1e25<\/em> to 8 cm, following R. \u1e24ayim Na\u2019eh\u2019s measure, and an <em>ama<\/em> to half a meter.<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"_te01ftn4_4\" href=\"#_te01ftnref4_4\">[4]<\/a>. Field: As explained in the previous note regarding vegetables, the minimum size of a \u201cfield\u201d is about 22 square meters according to \u1e24azon Ish, and about 780 square meters according to R. Yisraeli; the latter view appears correct. The Yerushalmi states (<em>Kilayim<\/em> 2:4) that for a <em>meishar<\/em> \u2013 a small grain field more than one <em>ama<\/em> wide \u2013 the separation between two <em>meisharim<\/em> is a square of two <em>amot<\/em> by two <em>amot<\/em>, after which it tapers diagonally until only the smallest gap remains.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">\u1e24azon Ish and <em>Tiferet Yisrael<\/em> disagree over whether this same diagonal tapering is required after the other square separations as well: the one-<em>ama<\/em> square between vegetable fields, and the <em>beit rova<\/em> \u2013 roughly ten <em>amot<\/em> by ten <em>amot<\/em> \u2013 between grain fields. According to \u1e24azon Ish (<em>Kilayim<\/em> 6:1:1), after the square, the separation must continue diagonally until it narrows to a minimal gap; beyond that, no further separation is needed. According to <em>Tiferet Yisrael<\/em> (<em>Kilayim<\/em> 2:73), the square separation itself is sufficient, and once it ends, the two species may be planted immediately next to one another.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">My teacher, R. Yisraeli, held that <em>Tiferet Yisrael<\/em>\u2019s view is the primary law. Nevertheless, in practice, it is proper to leave the separation required by Torah law along the entire length of the field: one <em>tefa\u1e25<\/em> between vegetable species and one <em>ama<\/em> between grain species. This also appears correct in practice, since the basic principle of seed <em>kilayim<\/em> is that the species must remain visibly separated from one another.<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"_te01ftn4_5\" href=\"#_te01ftnref4_5\">[5]<\/a>. According to my teacher, R. Yisraeli, legumes are governed by the laws of vegetables, but even where vegetables require only one and a half <em>tefa\u1e25im<\/em>, legumes require a furrow (<em>Eretz \u1e24emda<\/em>, pp. 85, 144\u2013149). According to \u1e24azon Ish, legumes are governed by the laws of grain (Kilayim 6:2; 8:2), so out of concern for the Torah-law requirement, one must be stringent and leave one <em>ama<\/em> even in small areas. In large fields, however, one <em>ama<\/em> suffices: this is the Torah-law separation, and doubts about the additional rabbinic separation are ruled leniently (<em>Hilkhot ha-Aretz<\/em>, <em>Kilayim<\/em> 5:14).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The basic principle in the laws of seed kilayim is that two species may be planted near one another when they remain visibly distinct, but not when they appear mixed together. The larger the field, the greater the required separation, so that the distinction between the species remains recognizable. The required separation also depends on [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[225],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11961","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-17-04"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>03. 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