{"id":11964,"date":"2026-07-04T00:04:51","date_gmt":"2026-07-03T21:04:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=11964"},"modified":"2026-08-03T13:21:14","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T10:21:14","slug":"17-04-04","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/17-04-04\/","title":{"rendered":"04. Vineyard Kilayim: A Distinct and Stricter Prohibition"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"direction: ltr\">Although vineyard <em>kilayim<\/em> can be viewed as a particular case of seed <em>kilayim<\/em>, in practice it has halakhot of its own. This shows most vividly in the produce. Seed <em>kilayim<\/em> prohibits the sowing, but the crops that grow may still be eaten and used; what grows from vineyard <em>kilayim<\/em>, by contrast, is forbidden to eat and even to derive benefit from.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">One may not sow grain or vegetables alongside grapevines, nor may one plant a grapevine alongside grain or vegetables. If one did so, both crops become forbidden; one may neither eat them nor derive benefit from them, as it says: \u201cYou shall not sow your vineyard with <em>kilayim<\/em>, lest the full yield \u2013 the seed you sow and the produce of the vineyard \u2013 become consecrated\u201d (Devarim 22:9). In this context, <em>tikdash<\/em> means that the produce is consecrated for destruction \u2013 forbidden for any benefit. \u201cThe full yield of the seed you sow\u201d refers to the grain or vegetable, while \u201cthe produce of the vineyard\u201d refers to the grapes. Even the grain&#8217;s straw and the vines&#8217; wood become forbidden; they must be burned or otherwise destroyed so that no one mistakenly benefits from them (see above, chapter 2, note 3). Because one may not derive benefit from them even as they are being destroyed, one may not burn them to heat an oven or stove (MT, Laws of Kilayim 5:7). The prohibition of vineyard <em>kilayim<\/em> applies by Torah law in Eretz Yisrael and by rabbinic law in the Diaspora (see below, section 7).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">By Torah law, the prohibition of vineyard <em>kilayim<\/em> applies when grapevines grow alongside the five grain species, legumes, or vegetables. It does not apply, however, to tree species, even small ones. As a rule, any plant whose berakha is <em>ha-etz<\/em> is not included in the prohibition of vineyard <em>kilayim<\/em>, while any plant whose berakha is <em>ha-adama<\/em> is included (see above, 2:8).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">This includes spices over which <em>ha-adama<\/em> is not recited in practice, since they are not eaten on their own (<em>Peninei Halakha: Berakhot<\/em> 8:14). If they are plant species whose berakha would be <em>ha-adama<\/em> if they were eaten on their own, they are included in the prohibition of vineyard <em>kilayim<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">The Sages also extended the prohibition to grasses and vegetables commonly used as animal fodder. Plants that are not commonly fed even to animals are not included in the prohibition (<em>Levush<\/em> YD 296:2).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">Authorities disagree about plants grown for fragrance. Some authorities prohibit them rabbinically, while others permit them. In practice, it is best to be stringent, but one who wishes to be lenient may do so. Ornamental plants, by contrast, are not prohibited. Therefore, one may plant grass and flowers beneath a grapevine, provided they are not commonly fed to animals, even if they also have medicinal uses.<sup><a id=\"_te01ftnref4_6\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_te01ftn4_6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div><a id=\"_te01ftn4_6\" href=\"#_te01ftnref4_6\">[6]<\/a>. Regarding liability for lashes, the Amora\u2019im disagree (<em>Yerushalmi<\/em>, <em>Kilayim<\/em> 8:1). According to R. Yonatan, one who sows a single species of grain or vegetables in a vineyard is liable for lashes. According to R. Yoshiya, since the verse says, \u201cYou shall not sow your vineyard with <em>kilayim<\/em>\u201d (Devarim 22:9), the Torah refers specifically to seeds that would already constitute <em>kilayim<\/em> even without the vineyard. In the Bavli (<em>Berakhot<\/em> 22a; <em>Kiddushin<\/em> 39a), only R. Yoshiya\u2019s view is cited: one is liable for lashes when he sows wheat and barley together with a grape seed that will grow into a vine, or even when he merely covers them with earth. He is therefore liable twice: once for seed <em>kilayim<\/em> and once for vineyard <em>kilayim<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">Rambam rules accordingly with regard to liability for lashes (MT, Laws of Kilayim 5:1\u20132). At the same time, he maintains that the Torah prohibition itself is broader: one may not sow even one species of grain or vegetables next to a grapevine, nor may one plant a grapevine next to grain or vegetables. For that act, one is not liable for lashes; nevertheless, the produce that grows from it is forbidden by Torah law, and one who eats an olive-bulk of it is liable for lashes (MT, Laws of Kilayim 5:7; MT, Laws of Forbidden Foods 10:6). This is also the view of <em>Yere\u2019im<\/em> and Radvaz to MT, Laws of Kilayim 5:7.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">According to Ramban and Ran, the Torah prohibition applies when one sows two species beside an already planted grapevine; sowing only one species there is permitted. According to Ramah and <em>Sefer ha-\u1e24inukh<\/em>, sowing even one species beside a grapevine is rabbinically prohibited. Rabbeinu Tam and Ri are more lenient: once the grapevine has already been planted, one may sow even two or more species beside it. In their view, R. Yoshiya\u2019s statement does not merely define when one is liable for lashes; it defines the prohibition itself. Thus, vineyard <em>kilayim<\/em> is prohibited only when two seed species are sown together with a grape seed. The halakha follows Rambam, as ruled in SA YD 296:3, <em>Levush<\/em>, and <em>Arukh ha-Shul\u1e25an<\/em> YD 296:13.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">All types of grain, legumes, and vegetables grown for human consumption are prohibited in a vineyard by Torah law. Plants grown as animal fodder are prohibited rabbinically. As the Mishna explains (<em>Mishna<\/em>, <em>Kilayim<\/em> 5:8), one who maintains in a vineyard thorns that are commonly fed to animals renders the vineyard forbidden. By contrast, iris, ivy, and king\u2019s lily, which are not commonly fed to animals, do not constitute vineyard <em>kilayim<\/em>. This is how <em>Levush<\/em> summarizes the law (YD 296:2), and this is also a possible reading of Rambam (MT, Laws of Kilayim 5:3, 6, 19; <em>Kesef Mishneh<\/em> to MT, Laws of Kilayim 5:3).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">A different view maintains that, by Torah law, only grain, hemp, and <em>luf<\/em> are prohibited in a vineyard, because only these species are mentioned in the Talmud: grain because of its importance, and hemp and <em>luf<\/em> because they resemble vines or grow alongside vines for three years. According to this view, other legumes and vegetables eaten by people or animals are prohibited rabbinically (Rabbeinu Tam; Tosafot, <em>Yevamot<\/em> 83a, s.v. <em>R. Yosi<\/em>; Smag; Rashba). Even within this approach, there are further distinctions. For example, some authorities maintain that since legumes resemble grain, they too have the status of grain and are prohibited by Torah law (Maharitatz, in his understanding of Rambam; similarly, the commentary attributed to Rashba, <em>Mena\u1e25ot<\/em> 15b). Since the prohibition applies to vegetables grown for food, it also includes vegetables used as spices.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">Authorities disagree about plants whose berakha is <em>borei isvei vesamim<\/em>. Some authorities permit planting them near grapevines (<em>\u1e24azon Ish<\/em>, <em>Kilayim<\/em> 1:14; <em>Mishpetei Eretz<\/em> 2:1). This permissive view may be supported further by Rabbeinu Tam and Ri, who maintain that there is no prohibition at all unless two species are sown together with a grape seed in a single act of sowing. Moreover, if only one species is planted near the vine, even Ramban and Ran agree that there is no prohibition. Still, many authorities imply that planting fragrant plants near grapevines is rabbinically prohibited, and SA YD 108:7 rules this way (see <em>Kedushat ha-Aretz<\/em> 5:7). As for ornamental plants, such as flowers and grass, some authorities are stringent and prohibit them rabbinically because they are fit for animals (R. Eliyahu). The overwhelming majority of authorities, however, permit them.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Although vineyard kilayim can be viewed as a particular case of seed kilayim, in practice it has halakhot of its own. This shows most vividly in the produce. Seed kilayim prohibits the sowing, but the crops that grow may still be eaten and used; what grows from vineyard kilayim, by contrast, is forbidden to eat [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[225],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-17-04"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>04. 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Seed kilayim prohibits the sowing, but the crops that grow may still be eaten and used; what grows from vineyard kilayim, by contrast, is forbidden to eat [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/17-04-04\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Peninei Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-07-03T21:04:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-03T10:21:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/en\\\/17-04-04\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/en\\\/17-04-04\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/7866b763cf3f205e4ae075eebce0d674\"},\"headline\":\"04. 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