{"id":12108,"date":"2026-07-08T00:11:51","date_gmt":"2026-07-07T21:11:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=12108"},"modified":"2026-08-05T09:31:44","modified_gmt":"2026-08-05T06:31:44","slug":"17-08-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/17-08-11\/","title":{"rendered":"11. Additional Laws Involving Non-Jews"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"direction: ltr\">If a Jew sells his produce to a non-Jew before <em>gmar melakha<\/em>, then by Torah law the produce is exempt from <em>terumot<\/em> and <em>ma\u2019asrot<\/em>, since the stage that creates the obligation will be completed while it is in the non-Jew\u2019s possession. The Sages, however, enacted that separation is still required. They did so because of <em>ba\u2019alei kisim<\/em> \u2013 wealthy people who might try to avoid giving <em>terumot<\/em> and <em>ma\u2019asrot<\/em> by selling their produce to a non-Jew before <em>gmar melakha<\/em>. To prevent this, the Sages established that even if the non-Jew completes the gathering, <em>terumot<\/em> and <em>ma\u2019asrot<\/em> must still be separated. The produce is exempt only if the Jew sells it to the non-Jew while it is still on the trees, before it reaches <em>onat ha-ma\u2019asrot<\/em> \u2013 that is, before it is fit to be eaten in pressing circumstances \u2013 and it remains in the non-Jew\u2019s possession until after <em>gmar melakha<\/em>. In that case, it is exempt from <em>terumot<\/em> and <em>ma\u2019asrot<\/em> (<em>Mena\u1e25ot<\/em> 67a; Rashi and R. Shimshon to <em>Mena\u1e25ot<\/em> 67a; MT, Laws of Terumot 1:13; Radvaz).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">If a Jew and a non-Jew are partners in a field, <em>terumot<\/em> and <em>ma\u2019asrot<\/em> must be separated from the produce. To avoid uncertainty over which produce belongs to the Jew\u2019s share, which requires separation, and which belongs to the non-Jew\u2019s exempt share, they should ideally divide the field in advance. The non-Jew\u2019s portion will then be exempt, while the Jew\u2019s portion will require separation. If they did not divide the field in advance, they should divide the harvested produce between them, and the Jew should separate <em>terumot<\/em> and <em>ma\u2019asrot<\/em> from his share (SA YD 331:11; see the <em>Her\u1e25avot<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr\">A non-Jew is not obligated to separate <em>terumot<\/em> and <em>ma\u2019asrot<\/em> from produce that grew in his own field in Eretz Yisrael, and he cannot separate <em>terumot<\/em> and <em>ma\u2019asrot<\/em> on behalf of a Jew. However, if he wishes, he may voluntarily separate from his own produce, and his separation takes effect (<em>Mishna<\/em>, <em>Terumot<\/em> 3:9; <em>Yerushalmi<\/em>, <em>Terumot<\/em> 3:5). Some maintain that this is a rabbinic enactment (MT, Laws of Terumot 4:15; SA YD 331:44). Others maintain that it is Torah law: just as a non-Jew can consecrate an offering, so too he can separate <em>terumot<\/em> and <em>ma\u2019asrot<\/em> from produce he grew in Eretz Yisrael (Rashi and Tosafot; see <em>Har Tzvi<\/em>, O\u1e24 2:2).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If a Jew sells his produce to a non-Jew before gmar melakha, then by Torah law the produce is exempt from terumot and ma\u2019asrot, since the stage that creates the obligation will be completed while it is in the non-Jew\u2019s possession. The Sages, however, enacted that separation is still required. They did so because of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[229],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-17-08"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>11. Additional Laws Involving Non-Jews - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/17-08-11\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"11. 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