{"id":4914,"date":"2010-02-10T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2010-02-09T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/testing.tip.org.il\/wordpress\/05-10-01\/"},"modified":"2010-02-10T01:00:00","modified_gmt":"2010-02-09T23:00:00","slug":"05-10-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/05-10-01\/","title":{"rendered":"1 – Instituting the Fast of Tish\u2019a B\u2019Av"},"content":{"rendered":"

As we already learned (6.1), the prophets instituted four fasts after the destruction of the First Temple, the gravest of which is Tish\u2019a B\u2019Av<\/em>, for that is when the Temple was destroyed (for more on the meaning of the fast, see above, 6.4). These fast were instituted along the lines of Yom Kippur<\/em>, which lasts an entire day and contains five prohibitions. When the Second Temple was built, these fasts were annulled, and they became joyous holidays. And when that Temple was destroyed, the four fasts returned to their original status.<\/p>\n

After the period of harsh decrees ended and a new era began, in which the Temple was still in ruins but evil decrees no longer plagued us, the Sages determined that the law of three of the fasts – the tenth of Tevet, the seventeenth of Tammuz, and Tzom Gedalyah – depended on Israel\u2019s will: \u201cIf they want to fast, they do so; if they do not want [to fast], they do not fast.\u201d<\/p>\n

On Tish\u2019a B\u2019Av<\/em>, however, we are obligated to fast under all circumstances, because many tragedies befell the Jewish people on that day, including the destruction of both Temples. Even when times are tranquil, its status is not dependent on Israel\u2019s will. Rather, as long as the Temple sits in ruins, we must fast on that day, as the prophets enacted (Rosh HaShanah 18b).<\/p>\n

This is the fundamental difference between Tish\u2019a B\u2019Av<\/em> and the minor fasts. Our obligation to fast on Tish\u2019a B\u2019Av<\/em> is based on an institution of the prophets; therefore all the laws of the fast apply in their entirety. On the minor fasts, however, our obligation is based on custom – because [all of] Israel agreed to fast [on these days], until the Temple is rebuilt – and from the very outset, the accepted custom was to treat them more leniently than Tish\u2019a B\u2019Av<\/em> (as we explained above, 7.1).[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

\n
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[1]<\/a>See above, 7:1-2, with note 1, [where we explained] that the definition of \u201cpeace\u201d is when the Beit HaMikdash is built; only then will Tish\u2019a B\u2019Av be canceled. My assertion that [the obligation to fast on] Tish\u2019a B\u2019Av does not depend on Israel\u2019s will is taken from the Ramban\u2019s Torat HaAdam, p. 244. This is also the opinion of Rashi, the Eshkol, the Itur, the Smak, the Maggid Mishnah, and others. However, there are those – the Rashba and the Ritva – who hold that in the intermediate situation, [when the Temple is still destroyed, but evil decrees have ceased], we are exempt from fasting on Tish\u2019a B\u2019Av, as well. It\u2019s just that the Jews decided to observe Tish\u2019a B\u2019Av as a full fast, in accordance with the original enactment, because of the numerous tragedies that occurred on that day. Nonetheless, the accepted practice is to rule like the majority of Rishonim and Acharonim, [who hold] that the fast of Tish\u2019a B\u2019Av is not dependent on [anyone\u2019s] will. Rather, it is an obligation instituted by the prophets. See Torat HaMo\u2019adim, pp. 3-4 and 246, [where the author] lists the various opinions [on this issue].<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As we already learned (6.1), the prophets instituted four fasts after the destruction of the First Temple, the gravest of which is Tish\u2019a B\u2019Av, for that is when the Temple was destroyed (for more on the meaning of the fast, see above, 6.4). These fast were instituted along the lines of Yom Kippur, which lasts […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4914","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-05-10"],"yoast_head":"\n1 - Instituting the Fast of Tish\u2019a B\u2019Av - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/05-10-01\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1 - Instituting the Fast of Tish\u2019a B\u2019Av - Peninei Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As we already learned (6.1), the prophets instituted four fasts after the destruction of the First Temple, the gravest of which is Tish\u2019a B\u2019Av, for that is when the Temple was destroyed (for more on the meaning of the fast, see above, 6.4). 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