{"id":5473,"date":"2011-03-04T02:02:26","date_gmt":"2011-03-04T00:02:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=5473"},"modified":"2021-03-15T12:41:00","modified_gmt":"2021-03-15T10:41:00","slug":"04-02-02","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/04-02-02\/","title":{"rendered":"02.\u00a0When \u1e24ametz<\/strong> Is Prohibited by Torah Law and by Rabbinic Law"},"content":{"rendered":"

Although the prohibition against \u1e25ametz<\/strong> applies primarily during the seven days of \u1e24ag<\/strong> Ha-matzot<\/strong> (from the 15th through the 21st of Nisan), we are nevertheless commanded to remove \u1e25ametz<\/strong> from our homes by midday of the 14th of Nisan, Erev Pesa\u1e25.<\/p>\n

The prohibition against eating \u1e25ametz<\/strong> also begins at midday on the 14th, as it is written, \u201cAnd you shall sacrifice the Pesa\u1e25 [offering] to God\u2026you shall not eat \u1e25ametz<\/strong> with it\u201d (Devarim 16:2-3). This prohibits the eating of \u1e25ametz<\/strong> from the time fit for bringing the Pesa\u1e25 sacrifice, i.e., at midday on the 14th of Nisan. This prohibition against eating \u1e25ametz<\/strong> includes the prohibition against deriving any benefit from it.[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

In order to distance one further from possibly violating commandments, the Sages added to the prohibitions and forbade gaining benefit from \u1e25ametz<\/strong> for an additional hour. They also forbade eating \u1e25ametz<\/strong> for two extra hours, since on a cloudy day (and where there are no clocks) people are likely to err by as much as two hours.<\/p>\n

These times are calculated by dividing the day into twelve equal parts, each of which is called \u201ca seasonal hour\u201d (\u201csha\u2019ah zemanit<\/strong>\u201d). Thus, one may eat \u1e25ametz <\/strong>for the first four seasonal hours of the 14th. During the fifth hour it is rabbinically forbidden to eat \u1e25ametz<\/strong>, but it is permissible to derive benefit from it by, for example, feeding it to an animal or selling it to a gentile. With the onset of the sixth hour of the day, it becomes forbidden rabbinically to derive benefit from \u1e25ametz<\/strong>, and if one forgot to sell it to a gentile by then, it must be destroyed. When midday arrives, that is, after the sixth hour ends, \u1e25ametz<\/strong> is forbidden by Torah law both for consumption and for deriving any benefit, and one must dispose of it as soon as possible. Every moment that one does not get rid of it, he violates the positive commandment to eliminate \u1e25ametz<\/strong> (see below, 3:6).<\/p>\n

Once the holiday begins, two additional prohibitions apply: bal yera\u2019eh <\/strong>and bal yimatzei<\/strong>.[2]<\/a><\/sup> The prohibition against eating \u1e25ametz<\/strong> also becomes more severe: one who willfully eats \u1e25ametz<\/strong> after midday on the 14th is punishable by lashes only, whereas one who willfully eats \u1e25ametz<\/strong> after the holiday begins is punishable by karet<\/strong>. This is based on the verse: \u201cwhoever eats \u1e25ametz<\/strong>, from the first day until the seventh day, that soul shall be cut off from Israel\u201d (Shemot 12:15).<\/p>\n

\u1e24ametz <\/strong>becomes permissible once again after Pesa\u1e25, except that our Sages forbade \u1e25ametz<\/strong> that belonged to a Jew during the holiday (\u201c\u1e25ametz she-avar alav ha-Pesa\u1e25<\/strong>\u201d). Since by keeping the \u1e25ametz<\/strong> on Pesa\u1e25 he violated the prohibitions of bal yera\u2019eh <\/strong>and bal yimatzei<\/strong>, the Sages prohibited eating or gaining benefit from that \u1e25ametz <\/strong>even after Pesa\u1e25. \u1e24ametz <\/strong>that was in the possession of a gentile during Pesa\u1e25, however, is permissible; a Jew may buy it and eat it (SA 448:1-3).<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[1]<\/a>. The mitzva of removing the \u1e25ametz<\/strong> applies from midday on the 14th, as it is written, \u201cHowever, on the first day you shall remove the se\u2019or<\/strong> from your houses\u201d (Shemot 12:15). The Sages deduced from other verses that \u201cthe first day\u201d refers to Erev Pesa\u1e25. Since the \u1e25ametz<\/strong> must already have been removed by the onset of the holiday itself so as not to violate bal yera\u2019eh <\/strong>and bal yimatzei<\/strong>, the mitzva of removing the \u1e25ametz<\/strong> must be in the middle of the day preceding Pesa\u1e25, that is, at midday (Pesa\u1e25im<\/strong> 4b).<\/p>\n

The prohibition against eating \u1e25ametz<\/strong> and obtaining any benefit from it applies from midday on the 14th according to R. Yehuda, as explained in Pesa\u1e25im<\/strong> 28a. Rambam, as well as R. Yitz\u1e25ak ibn Gi\u2019at, Rosh, and most Rishonim, ruled in accordance with this view. R. Shimon\u2019s view is that the prohibition against eating \u1e25ametz<\/strong> begins with the holiday itself, and it is only the mitzva of removing the \u1e25ametz<\/strong> that comes into effect at midday on the 14th. Some Rishonim rule in accordance with this view, although they disagreed about what the mitzva of eliminating \u1e25ametz<\/strong> entails according to R. Shimon. According to Ramban and Raavad, since one is obligated to eliminate the \u1e25ametz<\/strong>, it is also forbidden to eat it; yet Torah law permits him to benefit from it in the course of its being burned. Only the Sages prohibited deriving any benefit from the \u1e25ametz<\/strong> from the beginning of the sixth hour of the day. According to Ha-ma\u2019or<\/strong>, the mitzva of disposing of the \u1e25ametz<\/strong> does not imply a prohibition against eating it, since by eating it, one is, in fact, disposing of it. As noted, the view of most poskim<\/strong> is that the halakha<\/strong> follows R. Yehuda\u2019s view that the prohibition against eating \u1e25ametz<\/strong> and the prohibition against deriving any benefit from \u1e25ametz<\/strong> are of Torah origin and apply from midday. This is how the halakha<\/strong> is decided in SA (443:1).<\/p>\n

According to R. Yehuda, \u1e25ametz she-avar alav ha-Pesa\u1e25<\/strong> is forbidden by the Torah, whereas according to R. Shimon, the Torah permits it, but the Sages decreed it to be forbidden (Pesa\u1e25im<\/strong> 28b-29a). The halakha<\/strong> follows the latter view (MT, Laws of \u1e24ametz <\/strong>and Matza 1:4; MB 448:7).<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a>. This is because, with respect to these prohibitions, the Torah states \u201cseven days\u201d explicitly (Raavad, Maharam of Rothenburg, MA, MB 443:1. Others say that the prohibition starts on midday of the 14th (Rashi, and this is also implied by Rabbeinu \u1e24ananel and Itur<\/strong>, SHT 443:2).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Although the prohibition against \u1e25ametz applies primarily during the seven days of \u1e24ag Ha-matzot (from the 15th through the 21st of Nisan), we are nevertheless commanded to remove \u1e25ametz from our homes by midday of the 14th of Nisan, Erev Pesa\u1e25. The prohibition against eating \u1e25ametz also begins at midday on the 14th, as it […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5473","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-02-general-rules-of-the-prohibition-against-hametz"],"yoast_head":"\n02.\u00a0When \u1e24ametz Is Prohibited by Torah Law and by Rabbinic Law - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/04-02-02\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"02.\u00a0When \u1e24ametz Is Prohibited by Torah Law and by Rabbinic Law - Peninei Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Although the prohibition against \u1e25ametz applies primarily during the seven days of \u1e24ag Ha-matzot (from the 15th through the 21st of Nisan), we are nevertheless commanded to remove \u1e25ametz from our homes by midday of the 14th of Nisan, Erev Pesa\u1e25. 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