{"id":5491,"date":"2011-03-04T03:03:54","date_gmt":"2011-03-04T01:03:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=5491"},"modified":"2026-03-15T10:33:05","modified_gmt":"2026-03-15T08:33:05","slug":"04-03-03","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/04-03-03\/","title":{"rendered":"03.\u00a0<strong>\u1e24ametz<\/strong> That Has Been Guaranteed by a Jew and the Status of Stocks"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>We have learned that one violates the prohibitions of <strong>bal yera\u2019eh<\/strong> and <strong>bal yimatzei<\/strong> only by possessing <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong> that is the property of a Jew, as it is written, \u201cno <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong> <strong>of yours<\/strong> shall be seen\u201d (Shemot 13:7). Yet, at first glance, there is a difficulty here, for it is written, \u201cthere shall be no <strong>se\u2019or<\/strong> found in your homes\u201d (<strong>ibid.<\/strong> 12:19), implying that it is forbidden to have <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong> in a Jewish home under any circumstances. The Sages explained that, indeed, if the <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong> belongs to a gentile, and the Jew has not undertaken the responsibility of its safekeeping and guaranteeing its return, then it is not forbidden to have it in the Jew\u2019s domain, as it is written, \u201cand no <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong> <strong>of yours<\/strong> shall be seen.\u201d If, however, the Jew accepted responsibility for the item, then it is considered like his own, and the prohibition applies. This is what the Torah intended when commanding: \u201cthere shall be no <strong>se\u2019or<\/strong> found in your homes\u201d (<strong>Pesa\u1e25im<\/strong> 5b).<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, if a Jew guaranteed the return of <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong> that was deposited with him, it becomes like his, and he is not allowed to keep it in his home or courtyard but must return it to the gentile or clear it out. <strong>Be-di\u2019avad<\/strong>, if he cannot return it to the gentile and clearing it out will cause him a loss, he should sell the <strong>\u1e25ametz <\/strong>together with the place it is stored, to a different gentile (SA 440:1; MB <strong>ad loc.<\/strong> 4). However, if the Jew undertook the protection of a gentile\u2019s <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong> that remains in the gentile\u2019s possession, then the Jew does not violate any prohibition (MB 440:7). Thus, a Jewish-owned insurance company may insure a gentile\u2019s <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong>, because it remains in the gentile\u2019s possession.<sup><a id=\"_te01ftnref3_3\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_te01ftn3_3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>If a Jew deposited <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong> with a fellow Jew for safekeeping, they are both obligated to eliminate it: the depositor because he owns it, and the custodian because, by committing to safeguard, it is considered his (SA 440:4). Even if he did not undertake its safekeeping, he is obligated to eliminate it.<sup><a id=\"_te01ftnref3_4\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_te01ftn3_4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>If one bought stock in a company that owns <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong>, and Pesa\u1e25 arrived, if he has the authority to express his view about how to manage the company\u2019s affairs \u2013 what to sell and what to buy \u2013 then it is considered as if he owns the <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong>, and he violates <strong>bal yera\u2019eh<\/strong> and <strong>bal yimatzei<\/strong> on account of it. But if he is not authorized to express an opinion, then he is like everyone who invests in stocks \u2013 the company owes him a percentage of its value, but its property is not considered his, and he does not violate any prohibitions on account of its <strong>\u1e25ametz <\/strong>holdings. Accordingly, those who invest money in mutual funds or pension funds do not violate any <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong> prohibitions, even though the managers of the funds may invest part of the money in a company that owns <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong>, since this <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong> is not considered the property of the investor. Some rule stringently in this case.<sup><a id=\"_te01ftnref3_5\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_te01ftn3_5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div><a id=\"_te01ftn3_3\" href=\"#_te01ftnref3_3\">[3]<\/a>. According to Ri, the <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong> is considered to be in a person\u2019s possession only if he accepted the responsibilities of a paid custodian. According to <strong>Behag<\/strong>, he is considered the owner of the <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong> \u2013 and thus in violation of the <strong>halakha<\/strong> \u2013 even if he only accepted the responsibilities of an unpaid custodian. SA records Ri\u2019s view laconically and mentions <strong>Behag<\/strong>\u2019s view as \u201csome say\u201d (\u201c<strong>yesh omrim<\/strong>\u201d). MB (8) states that <strong>le-khat\u1e25ila <\/strong>one should show concern for <strong>Behag<\/strong>\u2019s view. According to Rambam<strong>, <\/strong>even if one did not accept any responsibility for the <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong>, if the gentile is powerful and will forcibly extract compensation for the Jew\u2019s loss of the <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong>, the <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong> is considered owned by the Jew, and he would be considered in violation. According to Raavad, he is not in violation, but the predominant view is that of Rambam. In all these cases, if the <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong> remained over Pesa\u1e25, one may eat it <strong>be-di\u2019avad<\/strong>, since the prohibition of using <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong> that existed on Pesa\u1e25 is only rabbinic, and in an uncertain situation we are lenient. The status of insurance companies is addressed in <strong>She\u2019arim Metzuyanim Be-halakha <\/strong>114:29.<a id=\"_te01ftn3_4\" href=\"#_te01ftnref3_4\">[4]<\/a>. Regarding a Jew who deposited his <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong> with another person, SA 440:4 rules in accordance with R. Yona that even if the custodian accepts responsibility over the <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong>, since the <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong> still belongs to the owner, it is the owner\u2019s responsibility to destroy it<strong>.<\/strong> This is the opinion of other <strong>poskim<\/strong> as well. According to Ramban and Ran<strong>, <\/strong>since the <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong> is not in the owner\u2019s possession and the custodian accepted responsibility for it, the owner of the <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong> does not transgress any prohibition. As for the custodian, SA 443:2 states that if the owner of the <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong> did not come to collect it before Pesa\u1e25, the custodian should preferably sell the <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong> to a gentile in order to preserve its value. If he did not do so, the custodian is obligated to destroy the <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong>. MB<strong> ad loc. <\/strong>(14) explains that according to <strong>Ba\u1e25 <\/strong>and MA, the reason for this obligation is that every Jew is responsible for his fellow Jew (\u201c<strong>kol Yisrael areivim zeh la-zeh<\/strong>\u201d). Gra\u2019s opinion on the matter is that even if the custodian did not accept responsibility for the <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong>, he still has a Torah obligation to destroy it, as it is forbidden to harbor a Jew\u2019s <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong> in one\u2019s home. This is also the opinion of <strong>Tzla\u1e25<\/strong> and <strong>Beit Meir<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"_te01ftn3_5\" href=\"#_te01ftnref3_5\">[5]<\/a>. So states <strong>She\u2019arim Metzuyanim Be-halakha<\/strong> 114:28. Some are strict and sell their shares of <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong>-owning companies and companies that insure <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong>. So states <strong>Sidur Pesa\u1e25 Ke-hilkhato <\/strong>11:5. Many <strong>\u1e25ametz<\/strong>-sale documents include provisions to address this (see <strong>Piskei Teshuvot <\/strong>440:1).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We have learned that one violates the prohibitions of bal yera\u2019eh and bal yimatzei only by possessing \u1e25ametz that is the property of a Jew, as it is written, \u201cno \u1e25ametz of yours shall be seen\u201d (Shemot 13:7). Yet, at first glance, there is a difficulty here, for it is written, \u201cthere shall be no [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-03-the-mitzva-of-getting-rid-of-hametz"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>03.\u00a0\u1e24ametz That Has Been Guaranteed by a Jew and the Status of Stocks - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/04-03-03\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"03.\u00a0\u1e24ametz That Has Been Guaranteed by a Jew and the Status of Stocks - Peninei Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"We have learned that one violates the prohibitions of bal yera\u2019eh and bal yimatzei only by possessing \u1e25ametz that is the property of a Jew, as it is written, \u201cno \u1e25ametz of yours shall be seen\u201d (Shemot 13:7). 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Yet, at first glance, there is a difficulty here, for it is written, \u201cthere shall be no [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/04-03-03\/","og_site_name":"Peninei Halakha","article_published_time":"2011-03-04T01:03:54+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-03-15T08:33:05+00:00","author":"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/04-03-03\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/04-03-03\/"},"author":{"name":"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8","@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/8822293bfa4f7cd35b44a3c311851b63"},"headline":"03.\u00a0\u1e24ametz That Has Been Guaranteed by a Jew and the Status of Stocks","datePublished":"2011-03-04T01:03:54+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-15T08:33:05+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/04-03-03\/"},"wordCount":972,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/#organization"},"articleSection":["03 \u2013 The Mitzva of Eliminating \u1e24ametz"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/04-03-03\/","url":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/04-03-03\/","name":"03.\u00a0\u1e24ametz That Has Been Guaranteed by a Jew and the Status of Stocks - 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