{"id":5552,"date":"2011-03-04T06:04:13","date_gmt":"2011-03-04T04:04:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=5552"},"modified":"2021-03-21T09:32:44","modified_gmt":"2021-03-21T07:32:44","slug":"04-06-04","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/04-06-04\/","title":{"rendered":"04.\u00a0The Laws of the Sale"},"content":{"rendered":"

Every Jew, before selling \u1e25ametz<\/strong>, should read the authorization contract he will be signing, so that he understands that he is empowering the rabbi to sell his \u1e25ametz<\/strong>, and that the sale is absolute. But even if instead of reading the contract one simply relied on the rabbi, the sale is valid, for, if the gentile comes during Pesa\u1e25 to take the \u1e25ametz<\/strong>, and the rabbi tells the Jew that the \u1e25ametz<\/strong> indeed belongs to the gentile, and that he must give it to the gentile, he will do so.<\/p>\n

The seller should write his name and address in clear script on the contract of sale so that the gentile buyer knows who he is and where he lives. Thus, the gentile buyer will be able, if he wants, to collect his \u1e25ametz<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Le-khat\u1e25ila<\/strong>, it is proper to give the gentile the key to the place where the \u1e25ametz<\/strong> is located so that he can enter and take his \u1e25ametz<\/strong>. In practice, though, it is sufficient to give the gentile the seller\u2019s phone number so that if the gentile wants, he can call to come and take his \u1e25ametz<\/strong>. This is the most important principle: all sellers must know that after the sale, the \u1e25ametz<\/strong> indeed belongs to the gentile, and the seller must allow him to enter the house and take his \u1e25ametz<\/strong> (MB 448:12).<\/p>\n

Le-khat\u1e25ila<\/strong>, the seller should indicate the various types of \u1e25ametz<\/strong>, and even list their prices, on the contract the rabbi gives him to sign, and some people are meticulous about this. In practice, though, this is very difficult to carry out. Therefore, the custom is to write that all \u1e25ametz<\/strong> in one\u2019s possession is included in the sale, and that the price is in accordance with the accepted market price, as determined by appraisers (see BHL 448:3, s.v. \u201cbe-davar mu\u2019at<\/strong>\u201d).<\/p>\n

It is proper to write in the contract where exactly the \u1e25ametz<\/strong> is located, for example: \u201cIn the upper left kitchen cupboard,\u201d or \u201cin the room on the right, in the box so marked.\u201d Several places may be listed. Be-di\u2019avad<\/strong>, even without this, the sale is still valid, though all \u1e25ametz <\/strong>should be gathered to one place and labeled. Everything gathered to the place determined for the sale by two hours before the onset of the prohibition against deriving benefit from \u1e25ametz <\/strong>is included in the sale. Le-khat\u1e25ila<\/strong>, the place where the \u1e25ametz<\/strong> is kept is also rented to the gentile, so that the \u1e25ametz<\/strong> is in the gentile\u2019s possession and the sale resembles any other sale in which the buyer transfers the purchase into his possession.<\/p>\n

One may sell \u1e25ametz <\/strong>through a proxy who writes all relevant details and signs on the owner\u2019s behalf. One may also sell \u1e25ametz<\/strong> over the phone, by fax, or via the Internet. Even though it is proper for the seller to sign and perform a kinyan <\/strong>(act that formalizes a transaction) to reinforce the sale, be-di\u2019avad <\/strong>it does not prevent the sale from taking effect, as the most important thing is the kinyan <\/strong>performed when the rabbi sells the \u1e25ametz <\/strong>to the gentile, and this kinyan <\/strong>is effective for everyone who asked the rabbi to sell their \u1e25ametz<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

In kitchens that belong to public institutions, the manager or his representative sells the \u1e25ametz<\/strong>.[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

One should not sell the \u1e25ametz<\/strong> that is stuck to and absorbed into kelim<\/strong>. Quite a few laws relating to mekhirat \u1e25ametz<\/strong> were introduced in order to make it clear to all that it is an actual sale, but if one writes that he is selling the \u1e25ametz<\/strong> absorbed in or stuck to his kelim<\/strong>, the sale will appear to be lacking seriousness, since this has no value and nobody is interested in buying it. Therefore, one should not indicate this in the sale contract.[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[5]<\/a>. See Sidur Pesa\u1e25 Ke-hilkhato<\/strong> 11:7-10. If one did not sell his \u1e25ametz <\/strong>for reasons out of his control, under pressing circumstances his friend may sell it for him without his authorization, because of the principle of \u201czakhin le-adam she-lo be-fanav<\/strong>\u201d (one may act to benefit another even without his permission; Sidur Pesa\u1e25 Ke-hilkhato<\/strong> 11:11; Piskei Teshuvot <\/strong>448:21).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>See Sidur Pesa\u1e25 Ke-hilkhato<\/strong> 11:7-8 and in the notes. Ibid<\/strong>. 12 states that one is permitted to enter into a \u1e25ametz<\/strong> sale agreement with multiple rabbis. Even if each rabbi sells to a different gentile, the sale completed first takes effect. Preferably, one should not do this, since it makes the sale seem fictitious. Only if he is worried that one rabbi may not sell his \u1e25ametz<\/strong> may he ensure that his \u1e25ametz<\/strong> is sold one way or another. See Piskei Teshuvot <\/strong>448:6.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a>. Selling the kelim<\/strong> themselves to a gentile is not worthwhile, since after Pesa\u1e25 one would be required to immerse the kelim<\/strong> in a mikveh<\/strong>, like any eating implement bought from a gentile. This is the view of \u1e24atam Sofer <\/strong>O\u1e24 \u00a7<\/strong>109 and most poskim<\/strong>. (However, AHS YD 108:52 is lenient about this.) The truth is, though, that this is unnecessary, because once the \u1e25ametz<\/strong> was nullified, there is no cause for concern. Even if there is actual \u1e25ametz <\/strong>substance on the kli<\/strong>, as long as there is less than a kezayit<\/strong> cumulatively, according to most poskim<\/strong> there is no need to eliminate it, as explained in SAH 446, Kuntrus A\u1e25aron <\/strong>1 (above, 4:5). However, one must store these \u1e25ametz <\/strong>utensils in an enclosed area, and after Pesa\u1e25 one must remove any remaining \u1e25ametz <\/strong>substance before using them. Le-khat\u1e25ila<\/strong>, in order to satisfy the opinion that one is required to eliminate even less than a kezayit<\/strong> of \u1e25ametz<\/strong> (MA 442:12), one should remove any trace of \u1e25ametz<\/strong> from the kelim<\/strong> before Pesa\u1e25 or ruin the residue with detergents until they are no longer fit for a dog’s consumption. In this case, even if more than a kezayit<\/strong> remains, there is no need to eliminate it. Therefore, there is no need to sell the \u1e25ametz<\/strong> on kelim<\/strong>, and certainly not the \u1e25ametz<\/strong> that is absorbed in the kelim<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Every Jew, before selling \u1e25ametz, should read the authorization contract he will be signing, so that he understands that he is empowering the rabbi to sell his \u1e25ametz, and that the sale is absolute. But even if instead of reading the contract one simply relied on the rabbi, the sale is valid, for, if the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-06-mekhirat-hametz-the-sale-of-hametz"],"yoast_head":"\n04.\u00a0The Laws of the Sale - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/04-06-04\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"04.\u00a0The Laws of the Sale - Peninei Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Every Jew, before selling \u1e25ametz, should read the authorization contract he will be signing, so that he understands that he is empowering the rabbi to sell his \u1e25ametz, and that the sale is absolute. 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