{"id":5794,"date":"2011-03-16T21:00:31","date_gmt":"2011-03-16T19:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=5794"},"modified":"2021-03-22T13:37:11","modified_gmt":"2021-03-22T11:37:11","slug":"04-16-21","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/04-16-21\/","title":{"rendered":"21.\u00a0The Laws of the Second and Fourth Cups"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The only significant practical difference between communal customs regarding the laws of the Seder is the question of whether to recite \u201c<strong>ha-gefen<\/strong>\u201d over the second and fourth cups.<\/p>\n<p>Many Rishonim maintain that <strong>\u201cha-gefen\u201d<\/strong> must be recited over each of the four cups, even though our attention is not diverted from one cup to the next, because each cup is a mitzva in its own right. This is the opinion of R. Natronai Gaon, R. Amram Gaon, Rif<strong>,<\/strong> Rambam, Maharitz, and Rema, and it is the practice of Ashkenazim and of Yemeni Jews who follow Rambam.<\/p>\n<p>However, Rosh maintains that <strong>\u201cha-gefen\u201d<\/strong> must only be recited before the first and third cups. The <strong>berakha<\/strong> over the first cup covers the second cup because there is nothing between them to divert our attention. We recite a <strong>berakha<\/strong> over the third cup because it follows <strong>Birkat<\/strong> <strong>Ha-mazon<\/strong> and a <strong>berakha<\/strong> is always recited over wine we drink after <strong>Birkat<\/strong> <strong>Ha-mazon<\/strong>, even if <strong>\u201cha-gefen\u201d<\/strong> was recited earlier in the meal, because <strong>Birkat<\/strong> <strong>Ha-mazon<\/strong> serves as a <strong>berakha a\u1e25arona<\/strong> for the wine one drinks during the meal. The <strong>berakha<\/strong> over the third cup covers the fourth cup as well. R. Yona and Rashba also maintain that <strong>\u201cha-gefen\u201d<\/strong> is recited over the first and third cups only. SA rules accordingly, and this is the Sephardic custom.<\/p>\n<p>There are also differing opinions among Rishonim regarding the <strong>berakha a\u1e25arona<\/strong> over the wine. In practice, however, there is a consensus not to recite a <strong>berakha<\/strong> <strong>a\u1e25arona <\/strong>after each cup of wine. Rather, <strong>Birkat<\/strong> <strong>Ha-mazon<\/strong> covers the first two cups, and the <strong>berakha a\u1e25arona <\/strong>(\u201c<strong>al ha-gefen<\/strong>\u201d) recited after the fourth cup covers both the third and fourth cups.<sup><a href='#_te01ftn16_18' id='_te01ftnref16_18' class='aup1'>[18]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div>\n<a href='#_te01ftnref16_18' id='_te01ftn16_18'>[18]<\/a>. Some people prolong the recitation of the Hagada beyond 72 minutes, and, at first glance, this is problematic, as 72 minutes is considered the time it takes for digestion to occur, and it is consequently considered an interruption between eating and the <strong>berakha<\/strong>, to the extent that if one no longer feels satiated by the food and drink, he may no longer recite a <strong>berakha a\u1e25arona<\/strong>. It would seem, then, that reciting the Hagada for more than 72 minutes would mean that <strong>Birkat Ha-mazon<\/strong> does not cover the first cup of wine, in which case one would not have recited a <strong>berakha a\u1e25arona<\/strong> over it. Moreover, according to MA 184:9, if one waited for this amount of time between the first and second cups, he must recite a new <strong>berakha<\/strong>. This contradicts the ruling of SA that one need not recite a new <strong>berakha <\/strong>over the second cup (since the <strong>berakha<\/strong> on the first cup covers it). Additionally, Rashbam rules that the \u201c<strong>ha-adama<\/strong>\u201d recited over <strong>karpas<\/strong> also covers the <strong>maror<\/strong>, but if there is such a long interruption between <strong>karpas <\/strong>and the meal, the initial <strong>berakha <\/strong>cannot be effective \u2013 and we see that SA (473:6) takes the view of Rashbam into consideration. Furthermore, the first cup is also <strong>kiddush<\/strong>, which must be part of a meal. When there is such a long break, perhaps <strong>kiddush <\/strong>must be recited again, so that it is part of the meal.<\/p>\n<p>Indeed, because of all of these problems, some <strong>poskim<\/strong> maintain that one should be careful to recite the Hagada in less than 72 minutes (see <strong>Sidur Pesa\u1e25 Ke-hilkhato<\/strong> 3:9). Yet there are righteous and pious people who actually enhance the experience by prolonging the recitation of the Hagada beyond 72 minutes, explaining this practice with various rationales, such as explaining that the <strong>berakha a\u1e25arona<\/strong> on the fourth cup also covers the first cup. (See <strong>Mikra\u2019ei Kodesh<\/strong> 2:30, <strong>Hilkhot \u1e24ag Be-\u1e25ag<\/strong> 20:5, and <strong>Responsa<\/strong> <strong>\u1e24azon Ovadia<\/strong> \u00a711.) In my humble opinion, the entire issue of a significant interruption (\u201c<strong>hefsek<\/strong>\u201d) in a meal only applies when one engages in unrelated activities (even if he does not take his mind off the meal). In this case, though, people are involved in the Seder and the Hagada, and the second cup is poured right at the beginning of the recitation of the Hagada, and since the entire recitation of the Hagada is connected to the second cup, the time between the first and second cups is not considered a <strong>hefsek<\/strong>. Consequently, there is no <strong>hefsek<\/strong> between <strong>kiddush<\/strong> and the meal; the recitation of the Hagada is considered part of the Seder, since telling the story of the Exodus is an integral part of the mitzva of eating matza. Similarly, telling the Exodus story is also inherently connected to the mitzva of eating <strong>maror<\/strong>, so the recitation of the Hagada does not constitute a <strong>hefsek<\/strong> between the eating of <strong>karpas <\/strong>and the eating of <strong>maror<\/strong> (and the <strong>berakha<\/strong> on <strong>karpas<\/strong> covers the <strong>maror<\/strong> as well).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The only significant practical difference between communal customs regarding the laws of the Seder is the question of whether to recite \u201cha-gefen\u201d over the second and fourth cups. Many Rishonim maintain that \u201cha-gefen\u201d must be recited over each of the four cups, even though our attention is not diverted from one cup to the next, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5794","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-16-seder-night"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>21.\u00a0The Laws of the Second and Fourth Cups - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/04-16-21\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"21.\u00a0The Laws of the Second and Fourth Cups - Peninei Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The only significant practical difference between communal customs regarding the laws of the Seder is the question of whether to recite \u201cha-gefen\u201d over the second and fourth cups. 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