{"id":5794,"date":"2011-03-16T21:00:31","date_gmt":"2011-03-16T19:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=5794"},"modified":"2021-03-22T13:37:11","modified_gmt":"2021-03-22T11:37:11","slug":"04-16-21","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/04-16-21\/","title":{"rendered":"21.\u00a0The Laws of the Second and Fourth Cups"},"content":{"rendered":"

The only significant practical difference between communal customs regarding the laws of the Seder is the question of whether to recite \u201cha-gefen<\/strong>\u201d over the second and fourth cups.<\/p>\n

Many Rishonim maintain that \u201cha-gefen\u201d<\/strong> must be recited over each of the four cups, even though our attention is not diverted from one cup to the next, because each cup is a mitzva in its own right. This is the opinion of R. Natronai Gaon, R. Amram Gaon, Rif,<\/strong> Rambam, Maharitz, and Rema, and it is the practice of Ashkenazim and of Yemeni Jews who follow Rambam.<\/p>\n

However, Rosh maintains that \u201cha-gefen\u201d<\/strong> must only be recited before the first and third cups. The berakha<\/strong> over the first cup covers the second cup because there is nothing between them to divert our attention. We recite a berakha<\/strong> over the third cup because it follows Birkat<\/strong> Ha-mazon<\/strong> and a berakha<\/strong> is always recited over wine we drink after Birkat<\/strong> Ha-mazon<\/strong>, even if \u201cha-gefen\u201d<\/strong> was recited earlier in the meal, because Birkat<\/strong> Ha-mazon<\/strong> serves as a berakha a\u1e25arona<\/strong> for the wine one drinks during the meal. The berakha<\/strong> over the third cup covers the fourth cup as well. R. Yona and Rashba also maintain that \u201cha-gefen\u201d<\/strong> is recited over the first and third cups only. SA rules accordingly, and this is the Sephardic custom.<\/p>\n

There are also differing opinions among Rishonim regarding the berakha a\u1e25arona<\/strong> over the wine. In practice, however, there is a consensus not to recite a berakha<\/strong> a\u1e25arona <\/strong>after each cup of wine. Rather, Birkat<\/strong> Ha-mazon<\/strong> covers the first two cups, and the berakha a\u1e25arona <\/strong>(\u201cal ha-gefen<\/strong>\u201d) recited after the fourth cup covers both the third and fourth cups.[18]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[18]<\/a>. Some people prolong the recitation of the Hagada beyond 72 minutes, and, at first glance, this is problematic, as 72 minutes is considered the time it takes for digestion to occur, and it is consequently considered an interruption between eating and the berakha<\/strong>, to the extent that if one no longer feels satiated by the food and drink, he may no longer recite a berakha a\u1e25arona<\/strong>. It would seem, then, that reciting the Hagada for more than 72 minutes would mean that Birkat Ha-mazon<\/strong> does not cover the first cup of wine, in which case one would not have recited a berakha a\u1e25arona<\/strong> over it. Moreover, according to MA 184:9, if one waited for this amount of time between the first and second cups, he must recite a new berakha<\/strong>. This contradicts the ruling of SA that one need not recite a new berakha <\/strong>over the second cup (since the berakha<\/strong> on the first cup covers it). Additionally, Rashbam rules that the \u201cha-adama<\/strong>\u201d recited over karpas<\/strong> also covers the maror<\/strong>, but if there is such a long interruption between karpas <\/strong>and the meal, the initial berakha <\/strong>cannot be effective \u2013 and we see that SA (473:6) takes the view of Rashbam into consideration. Furthermore, the first cup is also kiddush<\/strong>, which must be part of a meal. When there is such a long break, perhaps kiddush <\/strong>must be recited again, so that it is part of the meal.<\/p>\n

Indeed, because of all of these problems, some poskim<\/strong> maintain that one should be careful to recite the Hagada in less than 72 minutes (see Sidur Pesa\u1e25 Ke-hilkhato<\/strong> 3:9). Yet there are righteous and pious people who actually enhance the experience by prolonging the recitation of the Hagada beyond 72 minutes, explaining this practice with various rationales, such as explaining that the berakha a\u1e25arona<\/strong> on the fourth cup also covers the first cup. (See Mikra\u2019ei Kodesh<\/strong> 2:30, Hilkhot \u1e24ag Be-\u1e25ag<\/strong> 20:5, and Responsa<\/strong> \u1e24azon Ovadia<\/strong> \u00a711.) In my humble opinion, the entire issue of a significant interruption (\u201chefsek<\/strong>\u201d) in a meal only applies when one engages in unrelated activities (even if he does not take his mind off the meal). In this case, though, people are involved in the Seder and the Hagada, and the second cup is poured right at the beginning of the recitation of the Hagada, and since the entire recitation of the Hagada is connected to the second cup, the time between the first and second cups is not considered a hefsek<\/strong>. Consequently, there is no hefsek<\/strong> between kiddush<\/strong> and the meal; the recitation of the Hagada is considered part of the Seder, since telling the story of the Exodus is an integral part of the mitzva of eating matza. Similarly, telling the Exodus story is also inherently connected to the mitzva of eating maror<\/strong>, so the recitation of the Hagada does not constitute a hefsek<\/strong> between the eating of karpas <\/strong>and the eating of maror<\/strong> (and the berakha<\/strong> on karpas<\/strong> covers the maror<\/strong> as well).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The only significant practical difference between communal customs regarding the laws of the Seder is the question of whether to recite \u201cha-gefen\u201d over the second and fourth cups. Many Rishonim maintain that \u201cha-gefen\u201d must be recited over each of the four cups, even though our attention is not diverted from one cup to the next, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5794","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-16-seder-night"],"yoast_head":"\n21.\u00a0The Laws of the Second and Fourth Cups - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/04-16-21\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"21.\u00a0The Laws of the Second and Fourth Cups - Peninei Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The only significant practical difference between communal customs regarding the laws of the Seder is the question of whether to recite \u201cha-gefen\u201d over the second and fourth cups. 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