{"id":5798,"date":"2011-03-16T23:00:55","date_gmt":"2011-03-16T21:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=5798"},"modified":"2021-03-22T13:39:21","modified_gmt":"2021-03-22T11:39:21","slug":"04-16-23","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/04-16-23\/","title":{"rendered":"23.\u00a0Calculating the Size of a <strong>Kezayit<\/strong> for Torah Commandments"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The long exile gave rise to uncertainty regarding the size of a <strong>kezayit<\/strong>. According to Rambam, a <strong>kezayit<\/strong> is slightly less than a third of the volume of an egg; according to <strong>Tosafot<\/strong>, it is about the volume of half an egg. In practice, due to this uncertainty, the custom is to follow the stricter ruling of <strong>Tosafot<\/strong>. The equivalent of half an egg was calculated as being a third of a piece of machine matza and as a similar-sized piece of hard handmade matza, whose thickness is similar to that of a machine matza.<\/p>\n<p>This is the consensus of all Sephardic and most Ashkenazic authorities. However, one of the most prominent Ashkenazic A\u1e25aronim, R. Ye\u1e25ezkel Landau (known by the name of his major work, <strong>Noda Bi-Yehuda<\/strong>), reached the conclusion, based on his own calculations, that our eggs are half the volume of the eggs that existed at the time of the Sages. It follows that a <strong>kezayit<\/strong> is not half the size of one of our eggs but is the size of a whole contemporary egg. R. Avraham Yeshaya Karelitz (known by the name of his main works, <strong>\u1e24azon Ish<\/strong>) concurred with Noda Bi-Yehuda\u2019s calculations. Thus, in order to fulfill the Torah commandment using the \u201c\u1e24azon Ish <strong>shi\u2019ur,<\/strong>\u201d one must eat an egg\u2019s bulk of matza. Although the <strong>halakha<\/strong> usually follows the standard <strong>shi\u2019ur <\/strong>and does not take \u1e24azon Ish&#8217;s <strong>shi\u2019ur <\/strong>into consideration, when it comes to the Torah commandment of eating matza, it is proper <strong>le-khat\u1e25ila<\/strong> to satisfy all opinions. Ideally, then, one should eat a \u1e24azon Ish <strong>kezayit <\/strong>of matza, or approximately two thirds of a matza.<\/p>\n<p>This, however, is not really much of a stringency, since anyway our custom is to eat two <strong>kezeytim <\/strong>initially \u2013 one for <strong>\u201cha-motzi\u201d<\/strong> and another for <strong>\u201cal<\/strong> <strong>akhilat<\/strong> <strong>matza\u201d<\/strong> (SA 475:1). Since these two <strong>kezeytim<\/strong> contain a single \u1e24azon Ish <strong>kezayit<\/strong>, we fulfill the Torah commandment according to all opinions.<\/p>\n<p>One who finds it difficult to eat two thirds of a piece of machine matza may eat one third, because according to the standard calculation, a third of a matza contains a <strong>kezayit<\/strong>. One even recites the <strong>\u201cal<\/strong> <strong>akhilat<\/strong> <strong>matza\u201d<\/strong> blessing before eating this amount, for the standard measure is so well founded that it is not considered the sort of uncertainty that causes the <strong>berakha <\/strong>to be canceled.<sup><a href='#_te01ftn16_20' id='_te01ftnref16_20' class='aup1'>[20]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div>\n<a href='#_te01ftnref16_20' id='_te01ftn16_20'>[20]<\/a>. The size of a <strong>kezayit <\/strong>is a very long topic and is explained in <strong>Peninei Halakha:<\/strong> <strong>Berakhot <\/strong>10:5-6 and in the accompanying volume of <strong>\u1e24arhavot<\/strong>. This is an abridgement of that.<\/p>\n<p>SA 486:1 rules that regarding the requirement to eat matza, we follow <strong>Tosafot <\/strong>that a <strong>kezayit<\/strong> is the size of half an egg\u2019s bulk. SAH (486:1) states that for Torah commandments, one must be stringent and follow <strong>Tosafot<\/strong>, but for rabbinic <strong>mitzvot<\/strong>, such as <strong>eiruvin<\/strong>, one may follow the lenient opinion of Rambam, who maintains that a <strong>kezayit<\/strong> is slightly less than a third of an egg\u2019s bulk. MB 486:1 states that when it comes to reciting a <strong>berakha<\/strong>, for example, a <strong>berakha a\u1e25arona<\/strong>, which is only required if one eats a <strong>kezayit<\/strong>, one must follow <strong>Tosafot<\/strong>, since we are lenient whenever there is uncertainty in the laws of <strong>berakhot<\/strong>. <strong>Le-khat\u1e25ila <\/strong>one should not invite an ambiguous situation, and should eat either less than one third of an egg\u2019s bulk, in which case he would be exempt from a <strong>berakha a\u1e25arona<\/strong>, or more than half an egg\u2019s bulk, in which case he would be required to recite a <strong>berakha a\u1e25arona<\/strong> according to all opinions. Regarding matza, therefore, one must be stringent and follow the opinion of <strong>Tosafot<\/strong>. Similarly, one must follow the opinion of <strong>Tosafot<\/strong> vis-\u00e0-vis <strong>maror<\/strong>, since we recite a <strong>berakha<\/strong> on it. On the other hand, when it comes to the requirement to eat a <strong>kezayit<\/strong> of <strong>korekh<\/strong> and the requirement to eat a <strong>kezayit<\/strong> of <strong>afikoman<\/strong>, one may be lenient and follow Rambam.<\/p>\n<p>The view of Noda Bi-Yehuda is explained in BHL 271:13. MB (486:1) states, based on <strong>Sha\u2019arei Teshuva<\/strong>, that regarding Torah commandments, including <strong>mitzvot<\/strong> like <strong>kiddush <\/strong>with a basis from the Torah, one should be stringent and follow Noda Bi-Yehuda. On the other hand, vis-\u00e0-vis rabbinic <strong>mitzvot<\/strong> like the four cups of wine, one need not follow Noda Bi-Yehuda. MB (<strong>ibid.<\/strong>) also states that regarding <strong>berakha a\u1e25arona<\/strong> one need not follow Noda Bi-Yehuda; rather, he should recite a <strong>berakha a\u1e25arona<\/strong> after eating the amount of half an egg, as per <strong>Tosafot<\/strong>. Sephardim do not show any concern for <strong>Noda Bi-Yehuda<\/strong>\u2019s measurements, since the tradition regarding halakhic measurements was passed down, uninterrupted, in the regions near Eretz Yisrael.<\/p>\n<p>There are two opinions within the view that a <strong>kezayit<\/strong> is the size of a modern-day egg: according to MB this means an egg with its shell, and according to \u1e24azon Ish this means an egg without its shell; the difference between these two opinions is about ten percent.<\/p>\n<p>All of these measurements are based on volume, and only when there are large air pockets is one required to compress the food. The food\u2019s natural texture does not need to be compressed. Therefore, the weight of a <strong>kezayit<\/strong> often varies, depending on the density of the food. So states MB 486:3 (<strong>Peninei Halakha: Berakhot <\/strong>10:6).<\/p>\n<p>Based on measurements, it emerged that a <strong>kezayit<\/strong> according to <strong>Tosafot, <\/strong>which is the size of half a modern-day egg, is at most a third of a machine-made matza. If we multiply this <strong>shi\u2019ur <\/strong>based on MB\u2019s stringent explanation of <strong>Noda Bi-Yehuda<\/strong>, namely, that a <strong>kezayit <\/strong>is the size of a whole egg with its shell, a <strong>kezayit <\/strong>is approximately two thirds of a machine-made matza. According to <strong>\u1e24azon Ish, <\/strong>a bit more than half of a machine-made matza is sufficient. In any case, one who eats two thirds of a machine-made matza fulfills his obligation according to even the most stringent opinions (the weight of a machine-made matza is approximately 33 grams).<\/p>\n<p>After reciting the <strong>berakha<\/strong>, one must eat two <strong>kezeytim <\/strong>(SA 475:1 citing Rosh and <strong>Mordechai<\/strong>). One <strong>kezayit<\/strong> is taken from the top, whole matza for the <strong>berakha<\/strong> of \u201c<strong>ha-motzi<\/strong>,\u201d and one <strong>kezayit<\/strong> is taken from the middle, broken matza for the <strong>berakha<\/strong> of \u201c<strong>al akhilat matza.<\/strong>\u201d BHL questions this ruling, since no other Rishon mentions this. Nevertheless, the custom is to follow SA. However, one certainly does not need to be stringent in measuring the two pieces; therefore, if he ate a <strong>kezayit<\/strong> according to the measurement of <strong>Noda Bi-Yehuda<\/strong>, he has already fulfilled the obligation to eat two <strong>kezeytim<\/strong> according to the accepted measurement (that of <strong>Tosafot<\/strong>) and has eaten more than three <strong>kezeytim<\/strong> according to the measurement of Rambam.<\/p>\n<p>One who has difficulty eating two thirds of a machine-made matza may eat one third and may recite the <strong>berakha<\/strong> of \u201c<strong>al akhilat matza<\/strong>,\u201d since, as we already mentioned, technically the <strong>halakha<\/strong> follows the accepted measurement (<strong>Tosafot<\/strong>), and even regarding <strong>berakha a\u1e25arona<\/strong> one need not follow <strong>\u1e24azon Ish<\/strong> (with the exception of his students and followers). Regarding the practice to eat two <strong>kezeytim<\/strong>, we have already mentioned that not all Rishonim agree that this is a requirement; moreover, one third of a machine-made matza contains almost two <strong>kezeytim <\/strong>according to Rambam and even more according to the Ge\u2019onim<strong>. <\/strong>Therefore, one who eats one third altogether should eat a small piece from the whole matza and a small piece from the broken matza.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The long exile gave rise to uncertainty regarding the size of a kezayit. According to Rambam, a kezayit is slightly less than a third of the volume of an egg; according to Tosafot, it is about the volume of half an egg. In practice, due to this uncertainty, the custom is to follow the stricter [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5798","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-16-seder-night"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>23.\u00a0Calculating the Size of a Kezayit for Torah Commandments - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/04-16-23\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"23.\u00a0Calculating the Size of a Kezayit for Torah Commandments - Peninei Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The long exile gave rise to uncertainty regarding the size of a kezayit. According to Rambam, a kezayit is slightly less than a third of the volume of an egg; according to Tosafot, it is about the volume of half an egg. 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