{"id":6160,"date":"2010-01-11T03:00:21","date_gmt":"2010-01-11T01:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=6160"},"modified":"2018-05-24T11:29:50","modified_gmt":"2018-05-24T08:29:50","slug":"02-11-03","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/02-11-03\/","title":{"rendered":"03 – The Time of Keriat Shema"},"content":{"rendered":"

The time to recite Shema <\/i>in the morning is learned from the expression that appears in the Torah passage regarded the Shema<\/i>, \u201cu\u2019vekumecha<\/i>,\u201d \u201cwhen you get up,\u201d meaning the time when people normally wake up. There are people who rise early, from the time of amud hashachar<\/i> (approximately 72 minutes before netz<\/i>),1 therefore, biblically, it is considered the time of waking and from then on one may recite Keriat Shema<\/i>. The reason for this is that the words \u201cwhen you get up\u201d are written in the singular person, implying that even when only a few people arise from their sleep it is time to recite Keriat Shema<\/i>. One who recites Keriat Shema<\/i> before then does not fulfill his obligation, since his recital precedes the time of waking.<\/p>\n

The Chachamim<\/i> \u201ccreated a fence\u201d (asu siyag<\/i>) to the mitzvah and established not to recite Keriat Shema l’chatchilah<\/i> until the time when more people usually arise from their sleep, at which point there is already more light on the earth and one can recognize his friend from a distance of four amot<\/i> (Shulchan Aruch<\/i> 58:1). This is the time of misheyakir<\/i> (approximately 50 minutes before netz<\/i> in the days of Nisan).2<\/p>\n

When a person cannot recite Keriat Shema <\/i>after the time of misheyakir<\/i> due to circumstances beyond his control, he may recite it from amud hashachar<\/i>. Similarly, b\u2019dieved<\/i>, if one mistakenly recites Shema<\/i> from the time of amud hashachar<\/i>, he fulfills his obligation. However, there is a difference between these two cases. If one\u2019s reason for reciting Shema<\/i> early emanates from circumstances beyond his control, even if he must do so every day, he fulfills his obligation. But if he recites it early due to error, he fulfills his obligation only if his mistake seldom occurs, meaning not more than once a month. If he errs more often than that, the Chachamim<\/i> penalize him; he has not fulfilled his obligation and he must go back and recite it again after misheyakir<\/i> (Shulchan Aruch<\/i> 58:3-4; Mishnah Berurah<\/i> 58:19).<\/p>\n

The time to recite Keriat Shema<\/i> lasts until the conclusion of the first three hours of the day, for there are people, such as princes, who continue to sleep until the end of the first three hours. Therefore, until the end of the first three hours is still considered to be the time of \u201cwhen you get up\u201d (this is clarified further in halachot<\/i> 10 and 11).<\/p>\n

The most praiseworthy time to recite Keriat Shema<\/i> is at vatikin<\/i>, meaning slightly before netz hachamah<\/i>.[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\n
\n
[3]<\/a>.\u00a0According to the majority of poskim<\/i>, the time of Keriat Shema<\/i> begins at misheyakir<\/i> and lasts for three hours, but the ideal time to pray is vatikin<\/i>. This is the opinion of Talmidei Rabbeinu Yonah<\/i>, Tosafot<\/i>, Rosh<\/i>, Rashba<\/i>, Tur<\/i> and Shulchan Aruch<\/i> 58:1. I have written above according to this opinion. However, there are additional opinions. According to Rabbeinu<\/i> Chananel<\/i> and Rabbeinu Tam<\/i>, the time of Keriat Shema<\/i> starts after netz<\/i> and lasts until the end of the first three hours of the day, and in their opinion, those who pray vatikin<\/i> do not practice in accordance with halachah, because they recite Keriat Shema<\/i> slightly before netz<\/i>. It seems though, that even according to them, in cases of extenuating circumstances, one may recite Keriat Shema<\/i> before netz<\/i>. (Only according to the Razah<\/i>, one does not fulfill his obligation of reciting Keriat Shema<\/i> before netz<\/i>.) In practice, we do not take into consideration their opinions as halachah. The Rif<\/i> and the Rambam<\/i> maintain that the main time for Keriat Shema<\/i> is vatikin<\/i>, meaning slightly before netz<\/i>, <\/b>and if one did not recite it at vatikin<\/i>, he may do so until the conclusion of the first three hours of the day. The time prior to that is valid only in extenuating circumstances. Halachot<\/i> 7 and 8 of this chapter clarify how much earlier Shacharit<\/i> may be recited in practice.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The time to recite Shema in the morning is learned from the expression that appears in the Torah passage regarded the Shema, \u201cu\u2019vekumecha,\u201d \u201cwhen you get up,\u201d meaning the time when people normally wake up. There are people who rise early, from the time of amud hashachar (approximately 72 minutes before netz),1 therefore, biblically, it […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-11-the-times-of-keriat-shema-and-shacharit"],"yoast_head":"\n03 - The Time of Keriat Shema - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/02-11-03\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"03 - The Time of Keriat Shema - Peninei Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The time to recite Shema in the morning is learned from the expression that appears in the Torah passage regarded the Shema, \u201cu\u2019vekumecha,\u201d \u201cwhen you get up,\u201d meaning the time when people normally wake up. 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