{"id":6239,"date":"2010-01-15T01:00:21","date_gmt":"2010-01-14T23:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=6239"},"modified":"2018-05-24T11:37:17","modified_gmt":"2018-05-24T08:37:17","slug":"02-15-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/02-15-01\/","title":{"rendered":"01 – The Mitzvah of Keriat Shema (The Recital of Shema)"},"content":{"rendered":"

It is a positive biblical commandment to recite Shema<\/i> at night and in the morning, as it is written (Deuteronomy 6:7), \u201cAnd you shall say them\u2026 when you lie down and when you get up.\u201d \u201cWhen you lie down\u201d denotes nighttime, and \u201cwhen you get up\u201d refers to morning.<\/p>\n

We read three paragraphs, the first: \u201cShema Yisrael<\/i>\u201d (\u201cHear O Israel\u201d) (Deuteronomy 6:4-9), with which we accept the yoke of Heaven, and which discusses the unity and love of Hashem. The second is \u201cV\u2019hayah Im Shamo\u2019a<\/i>\u201d (\u201cAnd if you follow\u201d) (Deuteronomy 11:13-21), which includes the acceptance of the yoke of the mitzvot<\/i>. The third is \u201cVayomer<\/i>\u201d (\u201cAnd He said\u201d) (Numbers 15:37-41), including a command to remember the mitzvot<\/i> through the commandment of tzitzit<\/i>, and mention of the Exodus from Egypt.<\/p>\n

The Chachamim<\/i> arranged the Shema<\/i> paragraph to precede V\u2019hayah Im Shamo\u2019a<\/i> so that a person will first accept the yoke of Heaven, and only afterwards accept the yoke of the mitzvot<\/i>. They also placed V\u2019hayah Im Shamo\u2019a<\/i> which involves a general mandate to keep all the mitzvot<\/i>, including those performed during both day and night, before the Vayomer<\/i> paragraph, which discusses the mitzvah of tzitzit<\/i>, performed only during the day (Berachot<\/i> 13a).<\/p>\n

In the opinion of some Rishonim<\/i>, the biblical commandment is just to recite the verse \u201cShema Yisrael<\/i>.\u201d According to them, this is the meaning of (Deuteronomy 6:6-7), \u201cThese words I am commanding you today must be in your heart\u2026when you lie down and when you get up.\u201d However, the Chachamim<\/i> instituted reciting the entire three paragraphs.<\/p>\n

It can be explained, that the essence of the mitzvah of Keriat<\/i> Shema<\/i> is indeed that a person accepts upon himself the yoke of Heaven, and for that reason, even one who only recites the first verse fulfills the biblical commandment. Yet, the more a person enhances his acceptance of the yoke of Heaven, the more completely he fulfills the biblical commandment. Therefore, the Chachamim<\/i> instituted the recital of all three paragraphs, for within them are the fundamentals of faith, the acceptance of the yoke of the mitzvot<\/i>, and the remembrance of all the mitzvot<\/i> through the mitzvah of tzitzit<\/i>. Hence, in actuality, we fulfill the biblical mitzvah by reciting all three paragraphs.[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a>.\u00a0The question is to what the command, \u201cSpeak of them\u2026when you lie down and when you get up,\u201d applies. According to the Ramban<\/i>, Ra\u2019ah<\/i>, Rashba<\/i>, Ritva<\/i>, Meiri<\/i>, Rashbatz<\/i>, Rabbi<\/i> Yehudah<\/i> HaChassid<\/i>, and Beit<\/i> Yosef<\/i> 46:9, it applies only to the first verse. This is implied in the Shulchan<\/i> Aruch<\/i> 63:4, who writes only concerning the first verse, that if a person did not have kavanah<\/i>, he does not fulfill his obligation. In the opinion of Talmidei Rabbi Yonah<\/i> and the Yere\u2019im<\/i>, the biblical mitzvah applies to the whole first paragraph. However, the words in V\u2019hayah<\/i> Im<\/i> Shamo\u2019a<\/i>, \u201cSpeak of them\u2026when you lie down and when you get up\u201d (Deuteronomy 11:19), refer to the mitzvah of learning Torah during the day and at night. The Pri<\/i> Chadash<\/i> 67 maintains that the biblical mitzvah is the recital of both the first two paragraphs. See Yabia<\/i> Omer<\/i> 8:6:4. Also see Aruch<\/i> HaShulchan<\/i> 58:15, who infers from a few Rishonim<\/i> that it is a biblical commandment to recite all three paragraphs. The Mabit<\/i> explains in Kiryat<\/i> Sefer<\/i> that like in the mitzvah of learning Torah, a person who learned one verse already fulfilled the mitzvah, but the more he learns, the more he fulfills the mitzvah, so it is regarding the recital of Shema<\/i>. There is a similar explanation in Yad<\/i> Peshutah<\/i> in his introduction to Hilchot<\/i> Keriat<\/i> Shema<\/i>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

It is a positive biblical commandment to recite Shema at night and in the morning, as it is written (Deuteronomy 6:7), \u201cAnd you shall say them\u2026 when you lie down and when you get up.\u201d \u201cWhen you lie down\u201d denotes nighttime, and \u201cwhen you get up\u201d refers to morning. We read three paragraphs, the first: […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6239","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-15-keriat-shema"],"yoast_head":"\n01 - The Mitzvah of Keriat Shema (The Recital of Shema) - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/02-15-01\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"01 - The Mitzvah of Keriat Shema (The Recital of Shema) - Peninei Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"It is a positive biblical commandment to recite Shema at night and in the morning, as it is written (Deuteronomy 6:7), \u201cAnd you shall say them\u2026 when you lie down and when you get up.\u201d \u201cWhen you lie down\u201d denotes nighttime, and \u201cwhen you get up\u201d refers to morning. 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