{"id":6530,"date":"2010-01-25T08:00:51","date_gmt":"2010-01-25T06:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=6530"},"modified":"2018-05-24T12:19:03","modified_gmt":"2018-05-24T09:19:03","slug":"02-25-08","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/02-25-08\/","title":{"rendered":"08 – The Final Time to Recite Keriat Shema and the Amidah of Ma\u2019ariv"},"content":{"rendered":"

Biblically, the time of the Keriat Shema<\/i> of Ma\u2019ariv<\/i> lasts the whole night, for it is written, \u201cbeshochbecha<\/i>,\u201d \u201cwhen you lie down,\u201d and people normally lie on their beds throughout the entire night. However, the Chachamim<\/i> \u201ccreated a fence\u201d to this law and established its time until chatzot<\/i> (halachic midnight), so that a person won\u2019t postpone <\/i>the recital of Keriat Shema<\/i>, then fall asleep and miss it. Nevertheless, b\u2019dieved<\/i>, if the time passed, and he did not recite it before chatzot<\/i>, he says it with its berachot<\/i> before amud hashachar <\/i>(dawn), since biblically, the time to recite it lasts the whole night.[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

A person who found himself in circumstances beyond his control and did not recite Shema<\/i> before amud hashachar<\/i> has until netz hachamah<\/i> (sunrise) to do so (these times are clarified earlier in this book 11:2). When reciting Shema<\/i> after amud hashachar<\/i>, it is said with three berachot<\/i>, though without Birkat<\/i> Hashkiveinu<\/i>, for since amud hashachar<\/i> already arrived, it is no longer considered time \u201cto lie down.\u201d Ma\u2019ariv<\/i> may not be prayed after amud hashachar<\/i> either, because it was instituted for the night, and after the break of dawn, daytime has already begun (Mishnah Berurah<\/i> 235:34; Sha\u2019ar HaTzion<\/i> 41).[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

L’chatchilah<\/i>, it is preferable to recite Shema<\/i> and pray Ma\u2019ariv<\/i> immediately after tzeit hakochavim<\/i>, for those who are expeditious perform mitzvot<\/i> early. However, someone who is engrossed in Torah study is permitted l’chatchilah<\/i> to delay his prayer until after his learning, as is done in many yeshivot<\/i> where it is customary to pray Ma\u2019ariv<\/i> at the end of the afternoon learning session and not immediately at tzeit hakochavim<\/i>. Similarly, a person who prefers to pray in a late minyan<\/i> because he believes he will be able to concentrate better is permitted l’chatchilah<\/i> to delay his prayer. Obviously it is better to pray in a late minyan<\/i> rather than to pray individually immediately after tzeit hakochavim<\/i>.[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

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[8]<\/a>. The Mishnah<\/i> in Berachot<\/i> 2a states that, according to the Chachamim<\/i>, the time of Keriat Shema<\/i> lasts until chatzot<\/i>, and according to Rabban Gamliel, it is until amud hashachar<\/i>. In the Gemara<\/i> 8b, the conclusion is that the halachah follows Rabban Gamliel. That is also how the Rosh<\/i> and Rashba<\/i> rule, that it is permissible l’chatchilah<\/i> to recite Shema<\/i> until amud hashachar<\/i>. However, the opinion of the Rif<\/i>, Rambam<\/i>, Smag<\/i>, and the majority of Rishonim<\/i> is that its time is until chatzot<\/i>, and only if the time passed and one did not recite it until then, he may recite it until amud hashachar<\/i>. In such a case the Gemara<\/i> teaches that the halachah follows Rabban Gamliel (and perhaps that is the opinion of Rabban Gamliel himself). That is how the Shulchan Aruch<\/i> 235:3 rules. The Bei\u2019ur Halachah<\/i> supports this opinion. (Regarding the Chachamim<\/i>\u2019s opinion, the Rishonim<\/i> disagree: according to Talmidei Rabbeinu Yonah<\/i>, the Chachamim<\/i> maintain that one cannot recite Keriat<\/i> Shema<\/i> after chatzot<\/i>, and according to the Smag<\/i>, b\u2019dieved<\/i>, it can be recited after chatzot<\/i>. The Gra<\/i> explains that the Bavli<\/i> and the Yerushalmi<\/i> are divided concerning this. According to the Bavli<\/i>, the Chachamim<\/i> maintain that b\u2019dieved<\/i> one may recite Shema<\/i> after chatzot<\/i>, and according to the Yerushalmi<\/i>, one may not. Additionally, see Beirur Halachah Berachot<\/i> 2a.)<\/p>\n

The time of the Amidah<\/i> of Ma\u2019ariv<\/i>:<\/b> according to the Derech HaChaim<\/i>, l’chatchilah<\/i>, lasts until chatzot<\/i>, and according to the Pri Megadim<\/i>, lechatchilah<\/i>, it is all night. These opinions are cited by the Mishnah Berurah<\/i> 108:15. (See earlier in this book, chapter 17, note 13, concerning the matter of someone who is traveling and finishes his trip after chatzot<\/i>.) Or L\u2019Tzion<\/i>, part 2, 15:9, writes that it is preferable to pray individually before chatzot<\/i> rather than in a minyan<\/i> after chatzot<\/i>.<\/p>\n

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[9]<\/a>. If, because of circumstances beyond his control, one recites the Ma\u2019ariv Shema<\/i> after amud hashachar<\/i>, he cannot fulfill his obligation of the daytime Shema<\/i> before netz<\/i> that same day, for after treating this time as a time to lie down, he cannot consider it also a time to get up (Shulchan Aruch<\/i> 58:5; Mishnah Berurah<\/i> 22). However, there are those who say that after the time of misheyakir<\/i> he may recite the Shema<\/i> of Shacharit <\/i>(Kaf HaChaim<\/i> 58:21).<\/p>\n

The Mishnah Berurah<\/i> 235:30 explains that, biblically, it is permissible to recite the Keriat Shema<\/i> of Ma\u2019ariv<\/i> until netz<\/i>; since at that time there are still people lying in their beds, it is called a time of \u201cwhen you lie down.\u201d However, at amud hashachar<\/i>, the day already begins, and therefore the Chachamim<\/i> established not to recite the Shema<\/i> of Ma\u2019ariv <\/i>after amud hashachar<\/i>. Only someone who did not recite the Shema<\/i> before amud hashachar<\/i> due to circumstances beyond his control is permitted to recite it until netz<\/i>. Rav Kook<\/i> in Tov Ro\u2019i<\/i> 55 clarifies that, biblically, the time for the nighttime Keriat Shema<\/i> is until amud hashachar<\/i> and the Chachamim<\/i> instituted that one who finds himself in circumstances beyond his control can make it up until netz<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

[10]<\/a>. The basis for the enhancement to be expeditious can be found in the words of Talmidei Rabbeinu Yonah<\/i> and is brought by the Shulchan Aruch<\/i> 235:3 and Mishnah Berurah<\/i> 26. However, other Rishonim<\/i> do not mention this enhancement, and according to the Aruch HaShulchan<\/i> 235:18, there are even those who disagree with it. Therefore, many are not strict to pray Ma\u2019ariv <\/i>early. See Beit Baruch<\/i> 34:17.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Biblically, the time of the Keriat Shema of Ma\u2019ariv lasts the whole night, for it is written, \u201cbeshochbecha,\u201d \u201cwhen you lie down,\u201d and people normally lie on their beds throughout the entire night. However, the Chachamim \u201ccreated a fence\u201d to this law and established its time until chatzot (halachic midnight), so that a person won\u2019t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6530","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-25-the-maariv-prayer"],"yoast_head":"\n08 - The Final Time to Recite Keriat Shema and the Amidah of Ma\u2019ariv - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/02-25-08\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"08 - The Final Time to Recite Keriat Shema and the Amidah of Ma\u2019ariv - Peninei Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Biblically, the time of the Keriat Shema of Ma\u2019ariv lasts the whole night, for it is written, \u201cbeshochbecha,\u201d \u201cwhen you lie down,\u201d and people normally lie on their beds throughout the entire night. 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