{"id":6534,"date":"2010-01-26T01:00:26","date_gmt":"2010-01-25T23:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=6534"},"modified":"2018-05-24T12:19:31","modified_gmt":"2018-05-24T09:19:31","slug":"02-26-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/02-26-01\/","title":{"rendered":"01 – The Passages of the Bedtime Shema"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Chachamim<\/i> teach (Berachot<\/i> 60b), \u201cOne who goes to sleep in bed must recite Shema Yisrael<\/i> until V\u2019Hayah Im Shamo\u2019a<\/i>, and the blessing Baruch HaMapil Chevlei Sheinah<\/i>\u2026.\u201d Likewise, Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi says, \u201cEven if a person recited Keriat Shema<\/i> in the synagogue, it is a mitzvah to recite it [again] on his bed.\u201d Chazal<\/i> base their words on the verse (Psalms 4:5), \u201cMeditate in your hearts [while] on your beds and be silent\u201d (Berachot<\/i> 4b).<\/p>\n

Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi was accustomed to reciting an additional two Psalms before his sleep: \u201cYoshev B\u2019Seter Elyon<\/i>\u201d (Psalm 91) and \u201cHashem Ma Rabu Tzarai<\/i>\u201d (Psalm 3), which are useful in warding off the evil spirits (Shevuot<\/i> 15b), and many follow his minhag<\/i>. Further, throughout the generations, people became accustomed to adding on Psalms, verses, and prayers. Since these are late additions, there are differences between the nusachim<\/i> of the various ethnic groups. Some say that it is good to recite the paragraph of V\u2019Hayah Im Shamo\u2019a<\/i> as well, and others maintain that it is best to recite all three paragraphs.[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

To summarize, in accordance with the enactment of the Chachamim<\/i>, it is necessary to recite the paragraph of Shema<\/i> and Birkat<\/i> HaMapil<\/i> before one goes to sleep, but the remaining Psalms are not an obligation. The minhag<\/i> to recite them became widespread because of the custom of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi (see Magen Avraham<\/i> 239:2).[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

There are those who are strict to recite Birkat<\/i> HaMapil<\/i> immediately before they sleep, after reciting Shema<\/i> and all the other verses. However, according to the custom of the kabbalists, Birkat HaMapil<\/i> precedes Shema<\/i> and the other verses. One who is concerned that he will fall asleep while reciting the prayers or before concluding them should start with Shema<\/i> and HaMapil<\/i>, thereby ensuring that before he falls asleep he recites the passages instituted by Chazal<\/i> (see Mishnah Berurah<\/i> 239:2).<\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a>. The Chachamim<\/i> instituted only the recital of the Shema<\/i> paragraph before going to sleep, as the Rif<\/i> (3:1), Rambam<\/i>, and the Rosh<\/i> (chapter 1, 6) write. However, in chapter 9, 23, the Rosh<\/i> brings the opinion of Rabbeinu Chananel<\/i> who maintains that V\u2019Hayah Im Shamo\u2019a<\/i> is recited as well. Perhaps Rabbeinu Chananel<\/i> understood the Gemara<\/i>\u2019s words \u201cuntil V\u2019Hayah Im Shamo\u2019a<\/i>\u201d to mean, including V\u2019Hayah Im Shamo\u2019a<\/i>. Divrei Chamudot<\/i> 67 interprets that he is referring to a place in which Ma\u2019ariv<\/i> is recited before tzeit hakochavim<\/i>, for there, in order to fulfill the mitzvah of Keriat Shema<\/i>, it is necessary to recite both paragraphs. Rabbeinu Yerucham<\/i> (netiv<\/i> 3, part 2) and Rabbeinu Yonah<\/i> in Sefer HaYir\u2019ah<\/i> write that all three paragraphs are recited, for together they contain 248 words, and saying them provides a special protection against harmful forces.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
[2]<\/a>. It is written in Berachot<\/i> 5a, \u201cRav Nachman says, One who is a talmid chacham<\/i> need not [repeat Keriat<\/i> Shema<\/i> before going to sleep] (for his learning protects him). Abayei<\/i> says that even a talmid chacham<\/i> must say one verse concerning Hashem\u2019s mercy, such as, \u2018Into Your hand I entrust my spirit. You redeem me, Hashem, God of truth\u2019 [(Psalms 31:6)].\u201d The Rif<\/i> and the Rosh<\/i> agree that a talmid chacham<\/i> is not obligated to repeat Shema<\/i>. However, the Rambam<\/i> and Shulchan Aruch<\/i> do not mention this, implying that according to them, a talmid chacham<\/i> must repeat it as well. Perhaps the source for their opinion is in the Yerushalmi<\/i> (chapter 1, halachah 1) which discusses talmidei chachamim<\/i> who were accustomed to reciting Keriat Shema<\/i> a few times in order to fall asleep while saying Keriat Shema<\/i>. Nevertheless, regarding the other verses, the recital of which is not obligatory, it seems that a talmid chacham<\/i> can prefer to fall asleep while learning from a book or while deep in his thoughts. However, Kaf HaChaim<\/i> 239:1 writes that by reciting the passages of Keriat Shema<\/i> according to the Ari<\/i>, a restorative act (tikun<\/i>) is performed to the world and therefore even a talmid chacham<\/i> must say them.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Chachamim teach (Berachot 60b), \u201cOne who goes to sleep in bed must recite Shema Yisrael until V\u2019Hayah Im Shamo\u2019a, and the blessing Baruch HaMapil Chevlei Sheinah\u2026.\u201d Likewise, Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi says, \u201cEven if a person recited Keriat Shema in the synagogue, it is a mitzvah to recite it [again] on his bed.\u201d Chazal […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-26-the-bedtime-shema"],"yoast_head":"\n01 - The Passages of the Bedtime Shema - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/02-26-01\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"01 - 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