{"id":6685,"date":"2011-03-01T00:02:04","date_gmt":"2011-02-28T22:02:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=6685"},"modified":"2011-03-01T00:02:04","modified_gmt":"2011-02-28T22:02:04","slug":"04-00-02","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/04-00-02\/","title":{"rendered":"Glossary"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
afikoman<\/td>\nlit. dessert; the portion of matza eaten to conclude the Seder meal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a\u0125shevei<\/td>\na principle whereby one’s actions indicate that he assigns subjective significance to an otherwise insignificant object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
al ha-sova<\/td>\nwhile satisfied<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
bal yera\u2019eh<\/td>\nthe prohibition against \u0125ametz<\/span> being seen in one’s possession on Pesa\u0125<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
bal yimatzei<\/td>\nthe prohibition against \u0125ametz<\/span> being found in one’s possession on Pesa\u0125<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
basar be-\u0125alav<\/td>\nthe forbidden mixture of milk and meat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
batei midrash<\/td>\nTorah study halls<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
batel be-rov<\/td>\nrendered insignificant by the majority<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
batel be-shishim\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nrendered insignificant as less than one sixtieth of a mixture<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
be-di\u2019avad<\/td>\na level of performance that ex post facto <\/span>satisfies an obligation in a less-than-ideal manner<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
bedika<\/td>\nsearch; often used as shorthand for bedikat \u0125ametz<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
bedikat \u0125ametz\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nthe mitzva to search for \u0125ametz<\/span> in order to eliminate it from possession before Pesa\u0125; see chapter 4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
beit din<\/td>\nrabbinical court<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
beit knesset\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nsynagogue<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ben yomo<\/td>\nless than 24 hours (the time it takes for absorbed taste to become foul) removed from last use<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
berakha\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\na formal blessing recited before eating or performing a mitzva, and on other occasions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
berakha a\u0125arona<\/td>\na blessing recited after eating or drinking<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
berakhale-vatala\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\na blessing in vain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Birkat Ha-mazon<\/td>\nknown as the “grace after meals”; the berakha a\u0125arona<\/span> consisting of four <\/span>berakhot <\/span>recited after a bread-based meal<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
bitul<\/td>\nnullification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
bi’ur \u0125ametz\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nthe elimination of \u0125ametz<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
bli neder<\/td>\na verbal caveat that ensures that an undertaking does not acquire the status of a vow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
de-Oraita<\/td>\nbiblically mandated<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Eretz Yisrael<\/td>\nthe Land of Israel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Erev Pesa\u0125<\/td>\nlit. the eve Pesa\u0125; the day preceding Pesa\u0125, on which Israel is obligated to offer the korban Pesa\u0125<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
gebrokts<\/td>\nsee matza sheruya <\/span>and sec. 8:2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0124agHa-matzot<\/span><\/td>\nthe Festival of Unleavened Bread; the biblical name for Pesa\u0125<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hagada<\/td>\nthe central text of the Seder, the central part of which retells the story of the Exodus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
hagala\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nimmersion in boiling water; see chapter 10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
halakha<\/td>\nthe collective body of\u00a0Jewish law; an individual Jewish law<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0125alla\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nthe mitzva to give a part of a large batch of dough to a\u00a0kohen<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hallel<\/td>\nchapters 113-118 of Tehilim, all of which are thanksgiving psalms, recited on Jewish holidays<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hallel Ha-gadol<\/td>\nTehilim chapter 136; the “Great Hallel<\/span>”\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0125ametz<\/td>\ncereal grain that leavened; see chapter 2.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0125ametz gamur<\/td>\nabsolute \u0125ametz<\/span>, in which the leavening process has been completed<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0125ametz nuksheh<\/td>\n“hardened \u0125ametz”<\/span>; see section 2:5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0125ametz she-avar alav ha-Pesa\u0125<\/td>\n\u0125ametz that belonged to a Jew during the holiday\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ha-motzi<\/td>\nthe berakha<\/span> over bread<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ha-motzi le\u0125em min ha-aretz<\/td>\n“Who brings forth bread from the earth”; the formula for the berakha <\/span>on bread<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0125aroset<\/td>\na sweet paste made of fruits and nuts eaten at the Seder to commemorate the clay mortar our forefathers made when they were enslaved in Egypt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
hasava<\/td>\nreclining; see 16:10-11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
hatarat nedarim<\/td>\nthe annulment of vows before a rabbinical court<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
heavy libun<\/span><\/td>\nsee libun<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
hefker<\/td>\nownerless<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
hefsek<\/td>\nA problematic interruption between two acts or recitations that must be performed or recited together<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
heteira bala<\/td>\nit absorbed permissible matter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0124ol Ha-mo\u2019ed<\/td>\nthe intermediate days of Sukkot and Pesa\u0125, on which certain weekday activities are permitted<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0125ozer ve-ne\u2019or<\/td>\n\u201creawakened\u201d; the reversal of nullification in which a nullified ingredient regains its former status; see sections 7:2-3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0125utz la-aretz<\/td>\ncountries outside of Eretz Yisrael<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
irui<\/td>\n“pouring”; one of the ways taste is transferred; an intermediate phase between kli rishon <\/span>and <\/span>kli sheni<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
isura bala<\/td>\nit absorbed forbidden matter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
karet\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nextirpation, the most severe biblical punishment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
karpas<\/td>\nthe vegetable eaten at the beginning of the Seder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ke-bole\u2019o kakh polto<\/td>\ntaste is released from a vessel in the same manner that it was absorbed; see sec. 10:3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kezayit (pl. <\/span>kezeytim<\/span>)<\/span><\/td>\na olive\u2019s bulk, a standard halakhic measure of volume or weight; see sections 16:23-24<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kiddush<\/td>\nthe invocation of the sanctity of a holy day with blessings over a cup of wine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kinyan<\/td>\nan act that effects an acquisition or another change in status<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kitniyot<\/td>\nnon-\u0125ametz<\/span> species that may not be eaten on Pesa\u0125 according to Ashkenazic custom; see chapter 9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
klirishon<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nthe vessel in which food was cooked; see section 10:8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
klisheni<\/span><\/td>\nthe vessel into which hot food was transferred; see section 10:8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
korban<\/td>\na sacrificial offering<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
korban\u0125agiga\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\na sacrifice offered at each of the three pilgrimage festivals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
korban Pesa\u0125<\/td>\nthe Paschal offering<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
korekh\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nmatza and maror <\/span>eaten together to commemorate the practice of Hillel the Elder in Temple times; see section 16:28<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kosshel<\/span>berakha<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\na cup of wine linked to the performance of a mitzva<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kvisha<\/td>\n\u201cpickling,\u201d or the absorption of taste through prolonged soaking; see section 10:14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
le\u0125em mishneh<\/td>\nthe two whole loaves of bread\/matza over which the berakha <\/span>of <\/span>ha-motzi<\/span> is recited at Shabbat and Yom Tov meals<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
le\u0125emoni<\/span><\/td>\n“poor man\u2019s bread”; how matza is described in Devarim 16:3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
le-khat\u0125ila<\/td>\nab initio<\/span>; a level of performance that satisfies an obligation in an ideal manner<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
le-shem matzat mitzva<\/td>\n“for the sake of the matza of the mitzva”; the required intention one must have when baking matza to be used for the mitzva<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
libun<\/td>\nheating a vessel by fire to the point that absorbed taste is incinerated<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
light <\/span>libun<\/span><\/td>\nheating a utensil by fire to the point that a piece of straw or thread placed on the opposite side of the utensil becomes blackened from the heat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ma nishtana<\/td>\n“Why is this night different?”; a series of questions that the children ask at the Seder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ma\u2019ariv<\/td>\nevening prayers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Magid<\/td>\nthe part of the Seder in which the story of the Exodus is recounted<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MakatBekhorot<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nthe Plague of the Firstborn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
marit ayin\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n“appearances”; an action that must be avoided because it may give a false impression of being a violation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
maror\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nthe bitter vegetable that must be eaten at the Seder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mashi\u2019a\u0125<\/td>\nthe Messiah; the restorer of the Davidic dynasty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
matza<\/td>\nunleavened\u00a0bread eaten by Jews on Pesa\u0125<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
matza ashira<\/td>\nmatza that was kneaded in a liquid other than water, colloquially known as “egg matza”; see section 8:1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mayim she-lanu<\/td>\nwater drawn before nightfall and kept overnight in a cool place, later to be used in matza<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mekhirat\u0125ametz<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nthe sale of \u0125ametz <\/span>to remove it from Jewish possession before Pesa\u0125; see chapter 6<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
melakha<\/td>\nproductive work of the type prohibited on Shabbat and Yom Tov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
melakha gemura\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nfull-fledged work; see section 13:2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
melolugmav<\/span><\/td>\na measure of liquid; enough to fill the drinker\u2019s mouth with one cheek inflated<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mezonot<\/td>\nfood that is made from grain but is not bread, or the berakha <\/span>recited on such foods<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mikveh\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\na ritual immersion pool<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mil<\/td>\na unit of distance; it takes 18 minues (22.5 according to some, and 24 according to others) to walk a mil<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Min\u0125a<\/td>\nthe afternoon prayers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
min\u0125a gedola\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n5.5 seasonal hours before sunset; the earliest time to recite the afternoon prayers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
min\u0125aketana<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n2.5 seasonal hours before sunset<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
nat bar nat<\/td>\ntaste that has been absorbed into a medium twice removed from its origins<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
nat bar nat bar nat<\/td>\ntaste that is thrice removed from its origins<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
netilatyadayim<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nritual hand washing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nisan<\/td>\nthe first month of the Jewish year<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
notar\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nuneaten portions of a sacrifice left over until the morning, which must be incinerated and may not be eaten<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
noten ta\u2019am bar noten ta\u2019am<\/td>\nsee nat bar nat<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
noten ta\u2019am li-fgam<\/td>\nsomething that imparts foul taste<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
olat re\u2019iya<\/td>\na burnt-offering sacrificed in honor of one of the three pilgrimage festivals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pagum<\/td>\nbefouled<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pidyon ha-ben<\/td>\nthe mitzva of redeeming the [firstborn] son<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
plata<\/td>\na warming tray used to reheat foods on Shabbat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pras<\/td>\nhalf a loaf of bread; see section 16:25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
reshut<\/td>\nvoluntary, optional<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
revi\u2019it<\/td>\na liquid measure equal to a quarter of a log, <\/span>calculated by most to be c. 75 ml<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
safek<\/td>\na case of uncertainty or doubt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
safek de-rabanan<\/td>\nan uncertainly about a rabbinic ordinance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
se\u2019or\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\na leavening agent that one uses to make dough ferment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Se\u2019uda shlishit<\/td>\nthe obligatory third Shabbat meal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
se\u2019udatmitzva<\/span><\/td>\na\u00a0festive meal celebrating the fulfillment of a\u00a0mitzva<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Seder<\/td>\nthe\u00a0banquet on the first night of Pesa\u0125 that includes several special recitations, customs, and mitzvot<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sefirot<\/td>\nmystical “emanations” through which God created and sustains the world<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sfek sfeika<\/td>\na double uncertainty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sha\u2019ah zmanit<\/td>\na seasonal hour; one-twelfth of the time between sunrise and sunset (or between sunset and sunrise)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shabbat Ha-Gadol<\/td>\nthe Shabbat immediately before Pesa\u0125<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sha\u0125arit\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nthe morning prayers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shali\u2019a\u0125<\/td>\nproxy or agent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
she-he\u0125eyanu<\/td>\n“Who has given us life”; a berakha <\/span>recited at specific significant occasions<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shekhina<\/td>\nthe\u00a0divine presence in this world<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shi’ur<\/td>\na standard halakhic measurement for weight, distance, or volume<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shi\u2019ur akhilat pras\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nthe time it takes to eat half a loaf of bread; see section 16:25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shmura matza<\/span><\/td>\nmatza that has been guarded from becoming \u0125ametz<\/span>; see section 1:2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
siyummasekhet<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\na se’udat mitzva <\/span>occasioned by the completion of a tractate of the Talmud\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ta\u2019anitBekhorot<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nthe Fast of the Firstborns; see section 13:3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tefa\u0125im<\/td>\na handbreadth; a halakhic measurement equal to c. 8cm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tefillin\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nphylacteries; black leather boxes and straps containing parchment scrolls, worn during weekday morning prayers<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
teruma<\/td>\na priestly gift contributed from one’s produce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tum\u2019a<\/td>\nritual contamination\/impurity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tzafun<\/td>\nthe part of the Seder in which the afikoman<\/span> is eaten<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tzeit ha-kokhavim\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nthe appearance of three distinct stars, marking nightfall for various halakhic purposes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
yadsoledet bo<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nhot enough to cause the hand to recoil, somewhere between 45\u00baC and 71\u00baC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ya\u0125atz<\/td>\nthe part of the Seder in which the middle matza is broken and the larger part designated as the afikoman<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yom Tov<\/td>\nthe festivals of biblical origin during which\u00a0melakha<\/span>\u00a0is prohibited<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
yom tov sheni shel galuyot<\/td>\nthe extra day of Yom Tov observed in the Diaspora<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
zeh ve-zeh gorem<\/td>\nan effect produced by multiple factors<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
zero\u2019a\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\na piece of roasted or boiled meat or poultry, preferably a shankbone, placed on the Seder plate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

afikoman lit. dessert; the portion of matza eaten to conclude the Seder meal a\u0125shevei a principle whereby one’s actions indicate that he assigns subjective significance to an otherwise insignificant object al ha-sova while satisfied bal yera\u2019eh the prohibition against \u0125ametz being seen in one’s possession on Pesa\u0125 bal yimatzei the prohibition against \u0125ametz being found […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6685","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-00-introduction"],"yoast_head":"\nGlossary - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/04-00-02\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Glossary - 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