{"id":7144,"date":"2016-01-06T09:00:40","date_gmt":"2016-01-06T07:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=7144"},"modified":"2016-07-12T18:33:33","modified_gmt":"2016-07-12T15:33:33","slug":"01-06-09","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/01-06-09\/","title":{"rendered":"09. The Prohibition of Eating and Drinking before <em>Kiddush<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Once Shabbat has begun, it is a mitzva to fulfill the Torah mandate of <em>Zakhor<\/em> as soon as possible by making <em>kiddush<\/em>. The Sages ordained that nothing should be eaten before <em>kiddush<\/em>. One may not even drink water before <em>kiddush<\/em>, but one may rinse his mouth out or swallow medicine (SA 271:4; MB 271:13; SSK 52:3).<sup><a id=\"_ze05ftnref6_11\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_ze05ftn6_11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>This prohibition goes into effect from the moment Shabbat begins. Therefore, a woman who lights candles and accepts Shabbat may not drink until she hears <em>kiddush<\/em>. Similarly, a man who has accepted <em>tosefet<\/em> <em>Shabbat<\/em> may not eat or drink until he hears <em>kiddush<\/em>. Even one who has not fulfilled the mitzva of <em>tosefet<\/em> <em>Shabbat<\/em> may not eat after <em>shki\u2019a,<\/em> because Shabbat begins then whether or not one consciously accepts it (MB 271:11; see SSK 43:46).<\/p>\n<p>On Shabbat day as well, after <em>Sha\u0125arit <\/em>it is forbidden to eat or drink until one hears <em>kiddush<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Some wish to eat and drink before <em>Sha\u0125arit<\/em>, but, as is generally known, this is forbidden. The Sages tell us: \u201cIf one eats and drinks, and only afterward prays, Scripture says of him: \u2018You have cast Me behind your back [Hebrew \u201c<em>gavekha<\/em>\u201d]\u2019 (1 Melakhim 14:9). Do not read <em>gavekha<\/em> (your back), but rather <em>ge\u2019ekha<\/em> (your pride). God says: \u2018After this one has exalted himself, he comes and accepts the kingdom of heaven?!\u2019\u201d (<em>Berakhot<\/em> 10b). However one may drink water before praying because there is no pride in drinking water. The <em>poskim<\/em> also teach that if one needs to he may also drink coffee or tea; and if he must, he may even sweeten it with a bit of sugar (SA 89:3-4).<\/p>\n<p>If one is sick and must eat before praying, or is so hungry that he knows he will not be able to focus on his prayers if he does not eat something before praying, he may eat a little (see <em>Peninei Halakha<\/em>: <em>Prayer<\/em> 12:6-7). Although some maintain that he should make <em>kiddush<\/em> before eating, in practice we do not make <em>kiddush<\/em> before prayer, because the custom follows the opinion that it is only after <em>Sha\u0125arit<\/em> that the obligation of <em>kiddush<\/em> comes into effect.<sup><a id=\"_ze05ftnref6_12\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_ze05ftn6_12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>A woman who generally prays <em>Sha\u0125arit<\/em> may drink before praying, and, if need be, even eat (as may a man), for as long as she has not prayed, she is not yet obligated in <em>kiddush<\/em>. But a woman who generally only prays <em>Birkhot Ha-sha\u0125ar<\/em> is obligated in <em>kiddush<\/em> immediately upon awakening. If she wishes to eat or drink, she should first say <em>Birkhot Ha-sha\u0125ar<\/em> and then make <em>kiddush<\/em> and eat and drink. In a case of necessity, such as if she does not know how to make <em>kiddush<\/em> and is very thirsty, she may drink, and \u2013 if really necessary \u2013 even eat (<em>Peninei Halakha<\/em>:<em> Women\u2019s Prayer<\/em> 22:10).<sup><a id=\"_ze05ftnref6_13\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_ze05ftn6_13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>If minors are old enough to be taught, ideally they should be trained not to eat before <em>kiddush<\/em>, but if they are hungry or thirsty one may feed them before <em>kiddush<\/em> (SSK 52:18; <em>Yalkut Yosef<\/em> 271:17).<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div>\n<p><a id=\"_ze05ftn6_11\" href=\"#_ze05ftnref6_11\">[11]<\/a>. This all pertains to one who has wine or bread to use for <em>kiddush<\/em>, but one who has neither bread nor wine on Friday night may eat even without making <em>kiddush<\/em>. He should recite <em>kiddush<\/em> in order to fulfill the Torah mandate of <em>Zakhor<\/em> and simply omit the concluding <em>berakha<\/em> of \u201c<em>Mekadesh Ha-Shabbat<\/em>.\u201d If he expects that wine will arrive before midnight, he should wait and make <em>kiddush<\/em> then. But if it is difficult for him to wait, he may eat and then make <em>kiddush <\/em>later on, when the wine arrives, and then eat a <em>kezayit<\/em> of bread or <em>mezonot<\/em> (MB 289:10).<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"_ze05ftn6_12\" href=\"#_ze05ftnref6_12\">[12]<\/a>. According to BHL \u00a7289, one who eats before praying must make <em>kiddush<\/em> then, since his eating counts as a type of meal that obligates him in <em>kiddush<\/em>. This is also the position of <em>Igrot Moshe<\/em> O\u0124 2:28 and <em>Yalkut Yosef<\/em> 289:5. But if he only drinks before praying, he does not need to make <em>kiddush<\/em>. In contrast, <em>Responsa<\/em> <em>Keren Le-David<\/em> \u00a784, <em>\u0124elkat Yaakov<\/em> 4:32, and other A\u0125aronim state that even if one eats he does not need to make <em>kiddush<\/em>, because the obligation to make <em>kiddush<\/em> goes into effect only after praying. This is because <em>kiddush<\/em> was ordained for when one is having his meal, as the verse states: \u201cCall Shabbat \u2018delight.\u2019\u201d However, one who eats before prayer is doing so because of a lack of choice, for his health and not for delight, so <em>kiddush<\/em> is not relevant then. This is indeed the custom.<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"_ze05ftn6_13\" href=\"#_ze05ftnref6_13\">[13]<\/a>. According to Ramban, women are obligated to pray <em>Sha\u0125arit<\/em> and <em>Min\u0125a<\/em>, while Rambam maintains that they are obligated in only one prayer daily. MA understands Rambam\u2019s position to be that there is no need for a woman to recite the <em>Amida<\/em>, but rather any prayer that she recites fulfills her obligation. Accordingly, if she recites <em>Birkhot Ha-sha\u0125ar<\/em> she has fulfilled her obligation, as those <em>berakhot<\/em> are considered prayers (as explained in MB 106:4 and <em>Peninei Halakha<\/em>: <em>Women\u2019s Prayer<\/em> 2:2-5). The point at which the <em>kiddush<\/em> obligation goes into effect is dependent on each woman\u2019s personal habits. If she generally prays the<em> Amida<\/em>, then the laws pertaining to her are the same as those pertaining to a man. If she needs to eat or drink before praying, she does not need to make <em>kiddush<\/em>. Even if she is accustomed to praying the<em> Amida<\/em> on Shabbat only, she may say <em>Birkhot Ha-sha\u0125ar<\/em> while intending not to fulfill her prayer obligation, and then eat and drink before praying without making <em>kiddush<\/em> first. This is the ruling of SSK 52:13 and n. 44.<\/p>\n<p>However, if a woman does not generally pray the<em> Amida<\/em>, she is obligated in <em>kiddush<\/em> from the moment she wakes up on Shabbat. In a difficult situation such as if she does not know how to make <em>kiddush<\/em>, she may be lenient, since according to Maharam \u0124alawa a woman is exempt from <em>kiddush<\/em> during the day. Additionally, Raavad and those following his approach maintain that it is not prohibited to eat before the daytime <em>kiddush<\/em>. Furthermore, some understand Rambam\u2019s view to permit drinking water before <em>kiddush<\/em>, even though it is generally forbidden to eat and drink before <em>kiddush<\/em>. Therefore, in a case of necessity a woman may drink before <em>kiddush<\/em>, and if necessary she may even eat. <em>Min\u0125at Yitz\u0125ak<\/em> 4:28:3 takes this approach, as do SSK 52:13 and <em>Yalkut Yosef<\/em> 289:6.<\/p>\n<p><em>Igrot Moshe<\/em> O\u0124 4:101:2 puts forth the novel position that there is a special law pertaining to a married woman. Since she needs to eat with her husband, her obligation in <em>kiddush<\/em> follows his. Thus as long as he has not yet finished his prayers, she may still eat and drink, as she is not yet obligated in <em>kiddush<\/em>. R. Shlomo Zalman Auerbach discusses the opinion of <em>Igrot Moshe <\/em>and concludes: \u201cThis requires further clarification\u201d (SSK, <em>loc. cit.<\/em> n. 46). In cases of necessity, one may rely on <em>Igrot Moshe<\/em>. Similarly, if a husband went to an early <em>minyan<\/em>, and upon his return home wants to make <em>kiddush<\/em> and eat with his wife, then even though she plans to attend the synagogue later for <em>Sha\u0125arit<\/em>, she may make <em>kiddush<\/em> with him, since the proper halakhic family dynamics dictate that a wife eat with her husband. She should be careful, though, to say <em>Birkhot Ha-sha\u0125ar<\/em> and <em>Birkhot Ha-Torah<\/em> first, as I wrote in <em>Peninei Halakha<\/em>: <em>Women\u2019s Prayer<\/em> 22:10.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Once Shabbat has begun, it is a mitzva to fulfill the Torah mandate of Zakhor as soon as possible by making kiddush. The Sages ordained that nothing should be eaten before kiddush. One may not even drink water before kiddush, but one may rinse his mouth out or swallow medicine (SA 271:4; MB 271:13; SSK [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7144","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-01-06"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>09. 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