{"id":7455,"date":"2016-01-15T01:00:37","date_gmt":"2016-01-14T23:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=7455"},"modified":"2023-01-17T09:24:43","modified_gmt":"2023-01-17T07:24:43","slug":"01-15-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/01-15-01\/","title":{"rendered":"01. The Principles of <em>Boneh<\/em>, <em>Soter<\/em>, and <em>Makeh Be-patish<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The <em>melakha<\/em> of <em>Boneh<\/em> (building) is the <em>melakha <\/em>through which the <em>Mishkan<\/em> was constructed. The <em>melakha <\/em>includes leveling the ground in preparation for erecting the <em>Mishkan <\/em>upon it and so that people can walk easily in its courtyard. It also includes putting up the walls of the <em>Mishkan<\/em>, its roofing, and its courtyard gate.<\/p>\n<p>Building anything on the ground or in a house, or adding anything onto a pre-existing structure, is a transgression of a Torah prohibition. Therefore, if one fills in a small hole in a wall or a yard, adds cement or plaster to a wall, or adds water to freshly poured concrete to strengthen it (a process known as curing), he has transgressed a Torah prohibition (<em>Shabbat<\/em> 102b; 73b).<\/p>\n<p>Any activity that is forbidden on account of <em>Boneh<\/em> may not be undone, on account of the <em>melakha <\/em>of <em>Soter <\/em>(demolishing), assuming that there is a purpose to the demolition. If the act of undoing is destructive, it is rabbinically prohibited. Examples of purposeful demolition include destroying something in order to rebuild it more effectively, digging a hole in the ground in order to lay foundations, or drilling a hole in a wall in order to insert a screw (<em>Shabbat<\/em> 31b; MT 10:15).<\/p>\n<p>At times, demolition may be purposeful in itself. In such cases, even if there is no intention to build, one still transgresses <em>Boneh<\/em>. Examples of this include removing extra cement that is stuck on the floor or wall, digging a hole in order to hide things in it, or creating a hole in a wall in order to conceal things there (<em>Shabbat<\/em> 102b).<\/p>\n<p>An additional <em>melakha<\/em> connected to building is <em>Makeh Be-patish<\/em> (applying the finishing touch). For example, after completing the construction of a house, sometimes there are stones protruding from the wall. They are then often hammered down to make the wall\u2019s surface uniform. Similarly, after completing the manufacture of a metal tool, there are sometimes rough edges remaining that are smoothed out using a hammer. Both of these actions are prohibited on account of <em>Makeh Be-patish<\/em>. <em>Toladot<\/em> of this <em>melakha<\/em> include fixing broken tools, improving tools whose manufacture is complete, and installing a window to allow air to circulate and light to enter (MT 10:16). There are different opinions in the Gemara regarding whether certain construction-related activities are prohibited on account of <em>Boneh<\/em> or on account of <em>Makeh Be-patish<\/em> (<em>Shabbat<\/em> 102b). We will not explore these types of disagreements, since the primary purpose of this work is to teach people what is permitted and prohibited rabbinically and by Torah law.<\/p>\n<p>Making cheese on Shabbat is prohibited by Torah law because it causes component parts to solidify and coalesce, in the manner of construction (MT 7:6). Making snowballs or snowmen is also prohibited; but since these do not last, the prohibition is rabbinic.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The melakha of Boneh (building) is the melakha through which the Mishkan was constructed. The melakha includes leveling the ground in preparation for erecting the Mishkan upon it and so that people can walk easily in its courtyard. It also includes putting up the walls of the Mishkan, its roofing, and its courtyard gate. Building [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7455","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-01-15"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>01. The Principles of Boneh, Soter, and Makeh Be-patish - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/01-15-01\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"01. 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Building [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/01-15-01\/","og_site_name":"Peninei Halakha","article_published_time":"2016-01-14T23:00:37+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-01-17T07:24:43+00:00","author":"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/01-15-01\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/01-15-01\/"},"author":{"name":"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8","@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/716cb852d9b9d1fb36cf3b60a4415178"},"headline":"01. 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