{"id":7667,"date":"2016-01-21T03:00:27","date_gmt":"2016-01-21T01:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=7667"},"modified":"2016-07-25T15:28:06","modified_gmt":"2016-07-25T12:28:06","slug":"01-21-03","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/01-21-03\/","title":{"rendered":"03. Mekom Petur<\/em> and Karmelit<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"

The third type of domain is a mekom petur<\/em> (an exempt area). According to Torah law, this includes fields, deserts, oceans, lakes, and other places not enclosed by walls (and thus not deemed reshut ha-ya\u0125id<\/em>) and also not used by the masses on a regular basis (and thus are not deemed reshut ha-rabim<\/em>). Since these are undefined places, they have no significance as a location. An object in a mekom petur<\/em> is not located in a place that establishes a connection with it. Therefore, Torah law permits carrying an object from a mekom petur<\/em> to a reshut ha-ya\u0125id<\/em> or a reshut ha-rabim<\/em>, and vice versa. Similarly, one may carry objects within a mekom petur<\/em> for as long and far as he wishes.<\/p>\n

However, since a mekom petur<\/em> is in some ways similar to a reshut ha-rabim<\/em> \u2013 as the masses may make use of both types of areas \u2013 the Sages safeguarded the Torah and declared that any open area that is not a reshut ha-ya\u0125id<\/em> shall be called a karmelit<\/em> and have a status akin to that of a reshut ha-rabim<\/em>. Thus it is prohibited to carry an object more than four amot<\/em> in a karmelit<\/em>, and one may not carry anything from a karmelit<\/em> to a reshut ha-ya\u0125id<\/em> or reshut ha-rabim<\/em>, and vice versa.<\/p>\n

The only places that are still called a mekom petur<\/em> are those that are not fit for significant use, such as rocks that are higher than three tefa\u0125im<\/em> (about 23 cm) and also less than four tefa\u0125im<\/em> wide (about 30 cm). One may carry something from a mekom petur<\/em> into a reshut ha-ya\u0125id<\/em> or reshut ha-rabim<\/em>, and vice versa. Such a mekom petur<\/em> was not included in the decree because it is fundamentally different from the other domains. Since it is over three tefa\u0125im<\/em> high, it is distinct from the ground, and since it is less than four tefa\u0125im<\/em> wide, it is not big enough to be significant. Therefore, no one will make the mistake of thinking that if one may carry in an insignificant mekom petur<\/em>, one may also carry in a larger and more significant place.[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

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[2]<\/a>. A mekom petur<\/em> can be within a reshut ha-rabim<\/em>. The poskim<\/em> disagree whether a mekom petur <\/em>can be within a karmelit<\/em>. Some say that since a karmelit<\/em> started out as a mekom petur<\/em> but the Sages categorized it as a karmelit<\/em>, any mekom petur<\/em> within it is subsumed by its karmelit<\/em> status, and is treated as a karmelit<\/em> (Ran, Hagahot Maimoniyot<\/em>, Tur<\/em>, and Beit Yosef<\/em> quoting Rambam). Others maintain that since a karmelit<\/em> has the status of reshut ha-rabim<\/em>, if there is an area within it that is more than three tefa\u0125im<\/em> high and less than four tefa\u0125im<\/em> wide, that area is a mekom petur<\/em> (Rashi, Magid Mishneh<\/em> quoting Rashba, Me\u2019iri, and Rabbeinu Yeru\u0125am). But, within a reshut ha-ya\u0125id<\/em>, all agree there cannot be a mekom petur<\/em>, because the fence that surrounds the reshut ha-ya\u0125id<\/em> makes everything within it part of the reshut ha-ya\u0125id <\/em>(Rema 345:19; BHL s.v. \u201cRan\u201d and \u201cve-yesh \u0125olkim\u201d).A reshut ha-rabim<\/em> extends only to the height of ten tefa\u0125im<\/em>. If one takes an object in hand and walks on a tightrope or beam that is set up above a reshut ha-rabim<\/em>, he is not transgressing the prohibition of carrying, because the space above ten tefa\u0125im<\/em> is considered a mekom petur<\/em>. However, there is a disagreement regarding the law relating to a table that is over ten tefa\u0125im<\/em> high and four tefa\u0125im<\/em> wide that is standing in a reshut ha-rabim<\/em> or a karmelit<\/em>. According to SA 345:16, since there are no walls to turn it into a reshut ha-ya\u0125id<\/em>, it is considered a karmelit<\/em>, while according to MB 345:66 and the Vilna Gaon (based on a number of Rishonim), it is defined as a mekom petur<\/em> because there is no such thing as a karmelit<\/em> or a reshut ha-rabim<\/em> above ten tefa\u0125im<\/em>. SHT ad loc<\/em>. 68 states that R. Yosef Karo recanted (R. Elimelech Lange, Hilkhot Eruvin<\/em>, p. 20).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The third type of domain is a mekom petur (an exempt area). According to Torah law, this includes fields, deserts, oceans, lakes, and other places not enclosed by walls (and thus not deemed reshut ha-ya\u0125id) and also not used by the masses on a regular basis (and thus are not deemed reshut ha-rabim). Since these […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7667","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-01-21"],"yoast_head":"\n03. Mekom Petur and Karmelit - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/01-21-03\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"03. Mekom Petur and Karmelit - Peninei Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The third type of domain is a mekom petur (an exempt area). According to Torah law, this includes fields, deserts, oceans, lakes, and other places not enclosed by walls (and thus not deemed reshut ha-ya\u0125id) and also not used by the masses on a regular basis (and thus are not deemed reshut ha-rabim). 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