{"id":7713,"date":"2016-01-22T02:00:44","date_gmt":"2016-01-22T00:00:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=7713"},"modified":"2016-07-25T16:12:09","modified_gmt":"2016-07-25T13:12:09","slug":"01-22-02","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/01-22-02\/","title":{"rendered":"02. Business"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>One may not engage in commerce on Shabbat. One who opens his store, buying and selling on Shabbat just as he does on weekdays, negates a Torah commandment. This prohibition applies even if he is careful to avoid transgressing any of the 39 <em>melakhot<\/em>. The Torah commands that Shabbat be a \u201c<em>shabbaton<\/em>\u201d (Shemot 31:15), a complete cessation. One who does business in his store is not resting (Ramban, Vayikra 23:24; Ritva; <em>\u0124atam Sofer<\/em>). Ne\u0125emia faced this problem when he arrived in Jerusalem and found that people were holding a market day on Shabbat. He recounts:<\/p>\n<p>Tyrians (merchants) who lived there brought fish and all sorts of wares and sold them on Shabbat to the Judahites in Jerusalem. I censured the nobles of Judah, saying to them, \u201cWhat evil thing is this that you are doing, profaning Shabbat day! This is just what your ancestors did, and for it God brought all this misfortune on this city; and now you give cause for further wrath against Israel by profaning Shabbat!\u201d (Ne\u0125emia 13:15-18)<\/p>\n<p>As a result, the merchants began selling their goods outside the city walls on Shabbat. In response, Ne\u0125emia ordered that the gates of the city be closed over Shabbat. \u201cOnce or twice the merchants and the vendors of all sorts of wares spent the night outside Jerusalem, but I warned them, saying, \u2018What do you mean by spending the night alongside the wall? If you do so again, I will lay hands upon you!\u2019 From then on, they did not come on Shabbat\u201d (<em>ibid.<\/em> 19-21).<\/p>\n<p>The Torah prohibition on commerce applies to one who regularly does business on Shabbat. However, one who buys or sells on Shabbat occasionally still transgresses the words of the prophets, as Yeshayahu said: \u201cif you honor it, and not go in your own way, nor look to your affairs, nor speak of them\u201d (58:13), and the Sages explained this to mean that one should not deal in mundane matters on Shabbat (<em>Shabbat <\/em>113a).<\/p>\n<p>It should be noted that those verses do not record a prohibition on buying and selling for the sake of a mitzva. Nevertheless, as a safeguard, the Sages prohibited all business dealings, even in service of a mitzva, out of concern lest one write (Rashi and <em>Tosafot<\/em>, <em>Beitza<\/em> 37a; MB 306:11). The only exception to this prohibition is the mitzva of settling the land of Israel, for which one may purchase land from a non-Jew on Shabbat. The non-Jew should write the contract and take the money on his own (SA 306:11; <em>Eliya Rabba<\/em> <em>ad loc.<\/em> 22; <em>Mor U-ketzi\u2019a<\/em>; as opposed to MA<em> ad loc.<\/em> 19; see above 9:12).<\/p>\n<p>Some are stringent and do not sell <em>aliyot<\/em> on Shabbat, because of the prohibition of doing business on Shabbat. However, many are customarily lenient, and they have grounds for their leniency. This is because, in this case, there is no acquisition (<em>kinyan<\/em>) or payment on Shabbat, and the assumption of the obligation to pay for the <em>aliyot<\/em> is deemed to be for the sake of a mitzva (MB 306:33; <em>Ye\u0125aveh Da\u2019at<\/em> 2:41). However, if the synagogue\u2019s income from this practice is minimal, it is improper to be lenient and waste the congregation\u2019s time.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One may not engage in commerce on Shabbat. One who opens his store, buying and selling on Shabbat just as he does on weekdays, negates a Torah commandment. This prohibition applies even if he is careful to avoid transgressing any of the 39 melakhot. The Torah commands that Shabbat be a \u201cshabbaton\u201d (Shemot 31:15), a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7713","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-01-22"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>02. 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