{"id":7716,"date":"2016-01-22T05:00:46","date_gmt":"2016-01-22T03:00:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=7716"},"modified":"2016-07-25T16:12:13","modified_gmt":"2016-07-25T13:12:13","slug":"01-22-05","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/01-22-05\/","title":{"rendered":"05. Court Activity, Weddings, <em>Teruma<\/em> and <em>Ma\u2019aser<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The Sages forbade rabbinical courts to sit in judgment or mete out punishment on Shabbat. Similarly, they prohibited betrothals, marriages, divorce, <em>yibum<\/em> (levirate marriage), or <em>\u0125alitza<\/em> (levirate divorce) out of concern that people would end up writing (<em>Beitza<\/em> 37a). It is similarly prohibited to redeem a firstborn son on Shabbat, because the redemption (<em>pidyon ha-ben<\/em>) involves a transfer of money, which resembles commerce. If the 31st day after birth coincides with Shabbat, the redemption is done the following day, Sunday. It is also forbidden to vow, consecrate, or dedicate items or their value to the Temple on Shabbat, as this transfers ownership of the objects to God, as it were, and resembles commerce. However, one may pledge to give charity, because such a commitment involves no act of acquisition. If one did buy, sell, or perform any of these actions on Shabbat, the transaction is effective (<em>m. Beitza<\/em> 36b; SA 339:4).<\/p>\n<p><em>Teruma<\/em>, <em>ma\u2019aser<\/em> and <em>\u0125alla<\/em> may not be set aside on Shabbat, because setting them aside resembles dedicating them to God. Additionally, it looks like one is fixing or improving the produce (<em>Beitza<\/em> 36b; MT 23:14). If one made a mistake and unknowingly set them aside, the remaining produce may be eaten on Shabbat. In contrast, if he did this knowingly, although the action is effective and the remaining produce may be eaten, no Jew may eat it until after Shabbat (<em>m. Terumot<\/em> 2:3; MB 339:25).<\/p>\n<p>One who is concerned that he will not have time to separate <em>teruma<\/em> and <em>ma\u2019aser<\/em> before Shabbat may recite the formula for the separation before Shabbat (but without the <em>berakha<\/em>). By doing so, he has begun the process of separation. Then, after Shabbat begins, he may tithe in the normal fashion and recite the <em>berakha<\/em>. This procedure may also be followed if one is concerned that he will not have time to set aside <em>\u0125alla<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Only the owner of the produce may separate <em>teruma <\/em>and <em>ma\u2019aser<\/em> on Shabbat by means of the procedure described in the previous paragraph; it is not effective for anyone else. If a guest is concerned that his host may forget to tithe, he may ask the host before Shabbat to appoint him a <em>shali\u2019a\u0125<\/em> (proxy) to tithe on his behalf. The guest may then recite the formulation before Shabbat and perform the actual tithing on Shabbat (<em>m. Demai<\/em> 7:1, 5; MT, Laws of Tithes 9:7-9).<sup><a id=\"_ze05ftnref22_1\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_ze05ftn22_1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div><a id=\"_ze05ftn22_1\" href=\"#_ze05ftnref22_1\">[1]<\/a>. When I wrote above that only the owner of the produce or his <em>shali\u2019a\u0125<\/em> may tithe on Shabbat by means of this procedure, this applies to cases where the produce definitely has not been tithed yet (<em>tevel<\/em>). However, if it is uncertain whether the produce was tithed (<em>demai<\/em>), someone else can tithe this way as well (<em>Or\u0125ot Shabbat<\/em> 22:65-70). The formula recited before Shabbat is the usual one, but all the words should be changed to the future tense, e.g., \u201cWhat I will tithe\u201d (<em>\u0124azon Ish<\/em>, <em>Demai<\/em>, 9:13:15 as quoted in <em>Or\u0125ot Shabbat<\/em> 22:62 and n. 86). <em>Be-di\u2019avad<\/em>, if one simply says, \u201cWhatever I separate tomorrow should be considered <em>teruma <\/em>and <em>ma\u2019aser<\/em>,\u201d he has fulfilled his obligation, as he has begun the process of separation before Shabbat (see SSK 11:23). After the tithes are actually set aside, he may not move them, as they are <em>muktzeh<\/em>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Sages forbade rabbinical courts to sit in judgment or mete out punishment on Shabbat. Similarly, they prohibited betrothals, marriages, divorce, yibum (levirate marriage), or \u0125alitza (levirate divorce) out of concern that people would end up writing (Beitza 37a). It is similarly prohibited to redeem a firstborn son on Shabbat, because the redemption (pidyon ha-ben) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-01-22"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>05. Court Activity, Weddings, Teruma and Ma\u2019aser - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/01-22-05\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"05. 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It is similarly prohibited to redeem a firstborn son on Shabbat, because the redemption (pidyon ha-ben) [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/01-22-05\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Peninei Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-01-22T03:00:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-07-25T13:12:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/01-22-05\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/01-22-05\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/716cb852d9b9d1fb36cf3b60a4415178\"},\"headline\":\"05. 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