{"id":7755,"date":"2016-01-23T01:00:02","date_gmt":"2016-01-22T23:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=7755"},"modified":"2016-07-28T16:34:09","modified_gmt":"2016-07-28T13:34:09","slug":"01-23-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/01-23-01\/","title":{"rendered":"01. The Basis of the Prohibition"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Sages prohibited moving things that are not fitting for Shabbat and that one puts out of his mind (maktzeh mi-da\u2019ato<\/em>). There are two fundamental reasons for this prohibition: 1) to preserve the atmosphere of Shabbat as a day of holiness and rest. The idea of rest applies to one\u2019s hands as well; they should not move objects or be involved with activities that are not connected to Shabbat; 2) to set up a safeguard so that one will not come to do melakha<\/em> on Shabbat. We will begin by explaining the first reason.<\/p>\n

In addition to the melakhot<\/em> that are prohibited on Shabbat, the Torah commands us to rest and relax on Shabbat, as it states: \u201cbut on the seventh day you shall cease, so that your ox and your donkey may rest, and the son of your maidservant and the stranger may be refreshed\u201d (Shemot 23:12). Similarly, we read: \u201cSix days shall work be done, but on the seventh day there shall be a Shabbat of complete rest, holy to the Lord\u201d (Shemot 31:15). In order to fulfill the Torah commandment to rest and relax on Shabbat, the Sages established several ordinances meant to protect the spirit of Shabbat as a day of sanctity and rest. One of them is the prohibition of muktzeh<\/em>.<\/p>\n

If moving items unnecessary for Shabbat were permitted, people might well spend all of Shabbat cleaning and arranging their homes and belongings, thus negating the mitzva to rest. Additionally, the prophets instructed the people that the atmosphere of Shabbat should be different from that of the weekday \u2013 one should walk and talk differently. Following this line of thought, the Sages decreed that people should not handle objects and implements on Shabbat in the same way as during the week. This way Shabbat is truly felt by all, including those whose weekday activities do not normally involve any forbidden melakhot<\/em>. We see that the prohibition of muktzeh<\/em> is rooted in the words of the Torah and the prophets, while its precise parameters and details are rabbinic (AHS 308:4-5; above, 22:1).<\/p>\n

As we said, the second reason is so that one will not end up doing melakha<\/em> on Shabbat. As with all mitzvot<\/em>, the Sages instituted safeguards in order to distance people from sin. The prohibition of muktzeh<\/em> makes it less likely that people will carry objects in the public domain or use muktzeh<\/em> items to perform melakha<\/em> (Rambam and Raavad, MT 24:12-13).[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

The prohibition of muktzeh<\/em> synchronizes the mind and the hands. Any item that one knows is not fit for use on Shabbat will not be touched by his hands either.<\/p>\n

\n
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[1]<\/a>. AHS 308:4-5 suggests that the prohibitions of muktzeh<\/em> date back to the time of our teacher Moshe. Additionally, the Gemara mentions that in the days of Kings David and Shlomo, the prohibition of muktzeh ma\u0125mat gufo<\/em> was already in effect (Shabbat<\/em> 30b). During the time of Ne\u0125emia, the Sages saw that Shabbat desecration was widespread, and they decreed that all implements (kelim<\/em>) would be considered muktzeh<\/em>. There were only three kelim<\/em>, considered necessary for eating, exempted from the prohibition. When the situation improved and people were once again careful about Shabbat laws, the Sages once again permitted the movement of most kelim<\/em>, though a small number remained banned (Shabbat<\/em> 123b; SAH 308:17; sections 7-9 below). Rashi and She\u2019iltot<\/em> maintain that the prohibition of muktzeh<\/em> is by Torah law, since Rabba\u2019s statement that one must prepare before Shabbat what he needs for Shabbat is based on the verse: \u201cBut on the sixth day, they shall prepare what they have brought in\u201d (Shemot 16:5). The implication of the verse is that anything that has not been prepared is muktzeh<\/em> (Pesa\u0125im<\/em> 47b; Beitza<\/em> 2b). However, almost all Rishonim maintain that Rabba changed his mind and would agree that the prohibition of muktzeh<\/em> is rabbinic. This is the opinion of Tosafot<\/em>, Rambam, Ramban, and Rashba. One interpretation of Rashi is that only the most serious types of muktzeh<\/em> are prohibited by Torah law, while the rest are rabbinic (Pnei Yehoshu\u2019a<\/em>, Beitza<\/em> 2b). Alternatively, \u0124atam Sofer explains that Rashi means that muktzeh<\/em> is prohibited by Torah law only in the case of food items, as we are commanded to prepare food for Shabbat; in contrast, all other muktzeh<\/em> prohibitions are rabbinic (O\u0124 79). In any case, as we wrote in 22:1 based on Ramban, all the laws connected to the spirit of Shabbat are rooted in the Torah, while the Sages established the details of their observance. This is also implied by Rambam. See Har\u0125avot<\/em> there.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Sages prohibited moving things that are not fitting for Shabbat and that one puts out of his mind (maktzeh mi-da\u2019ato). There are two fundamental reasons for this prohibition: 1) to preserve the atmosphere of Shabbat as a day of holiness and rest. The idea of rest applies to one\u2019s hands as well; they should […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[93],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7755","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-01-23"],"yoast_head":"\n01. 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