{"id":8374,"date":"2016-02-16T01:00:11","date_gmt":"2016-02-15T23:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=8374"},"modified":"2018-05-24T12:56:29","modified_gmt":"2018-05-24T09:56:29","slug":"03-16-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/03-16-01\/","title":{"rendered":"01. Women with Regard to the Mitzva of Keri\u2019at Shema and Its Berakhot"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>It is a positive biblical commandment to recite <em>Shema<\/em> at night and in the morning, as it is written: \u201cAnd you shall speak them\u2026when you lie down and when you rise\u201d (Devarim 6:7). \u201cWhen you lie down\u201d means at night, and \u201cwhen you rise\u201d refers to morning. Since it is a positive time-bound commandment, men are obligated and women are exempt.<\/p>\n<p>The Sages ordained that three <em>berakhot <\/em>are recited together with the morning recitation of <em>Shema<\/em>, two <em>berakhot <\/em>before <em>Shema <\/em>and one after. They also ordained that four <em>berakhot<\/em> are recited along with the evening <em>Shema<\/em> \u2013 two before and two after (<em>m. Berakhot <\/em>1:4). These <em>berakhot<\/em> complement and supplement the themes of the <em>Shema<\/em>, and they praise and thank God for creating and governing the world. Women are also exempt from reciting these <em>berakhot<\/em>, since they too are time-dependent: <em>Birkhot Keri\u2019at Shema<\/em> of <em>Sha\u0125arit<\/em> can only be recited until the end of the first four hours of the day, and of <em>Ma\u2019ariv <\/em>can be recited all night.<\/p>\n<p>Some <em>poskim<\/em> maintain that women must mention the Exodus daily and nightly because the mitzva is continuous and not time-bound. However, as explained below (section 3), most <em>poskim<\/em> maintain that since the daytime and nighttime commemoration of the Exodus are distinct, the mitzva is considered time-bound, and women are exempt from it (<em>Sha\u2019agat Aryeh<\/em> \u00a713; MB 70:2).<\/p>\n<p>Although women are exempt from reciting <em>Shema<\/em>, they are still obligated in the mitzva of <em>emuna<\/em> (faith in God), and therefore it is proper that they accept the yoke of heaven daily by reciting the two verses \u201c<em>Shema Yisrael<\/em>\u201d and \u201c<em>Barukh Shem<\/em>\u201d (SA 70:1; MB 5; <em>Kaf Ha-\u0125ayim<\/em> 5). One who wishes to enhance the mitzva recites all three paragraphs of <em>Shema<\/em> as well as <em>Emet Ve-yatziv<\/em>, which mentions the Exodus and adjoins redemption to prayer (see above, ch. 8 n. 4, where it states that <em>Emet Ve-yatziv <\/em>takes priority over the three paragraphs of the <em>Shema<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Another two time-bound <em>mitzvot<\/em> are mentioned in <em>Shema<\/em> \u2013 <em>tzitzit<\/em> and <em>tefillin<\/em>. We already learned (in chapter 3) that women absorb the light of time-bound <em>mitzvot<\/em> even without performing them; however a woman who wishes to fulfill a time-bound mitzva receives credit for doing so. For various reasons, women customarily do not fulfill the <em>mitzvot<\/em> of <em>tzitzit<\/em> and <em>tefillin<\/em> (Rema 17:2 and 38:3; below 21:5-6). However, every woman recites <em>Shema<\/em> and its <em>berakhot<\/em> sometimes, and some even do so daily. This is the practice in many schools as well (see above, 2:8 n. 10; 8:3 n. 4). Therefore, in the ensuing sections we will study the meaning and <em>halakhot <\/em>of this mitzva.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It is a positive biblical commandment to recite Shema at night and in the morning, as it is written: \u201cAnd you shall speak them\u2026when you lie down and when you rise\u201d (Devarim 6:7). \u201cWhen you lie down\u201d means at night, and \u201cwhen you rise\u201d refers to morning. Since it is a positive time-bound commandment, men [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[120],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-03-16"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>01. Women with Regard to the Mitzva of Keri\u2019at Shema and Its Berakhot - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/03-16-01\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"01. 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