{"id":8497,"date":"2016-02-22T08:00:10","date_gmt":"2016-02-22T06:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=8497"},"modified":"2018-05-27T09:09:44","modified_gmt":"2018-05-27T06:09:44","slug":"03-22-08","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/03-22-08\/","title":{"rendered":"08. Kiddush and the Shabbat Meal"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Two <em>mitzvot <\/em>from the Torah constitute Shabbat: the positive mitzva of <em>Zakhor<\/em> (\u201ccommemorate\u201d) and the negative mitzva of <em>Shamor<\/em> (\u201cobserve\u201d). <em>Shamor<\/em> entails refraining from all <em>melakha<\/em> (creative labor), whereas <em>Zakhor<\/em> means remembering the fundamentals of faith. The first principle we remember on Shabbat is the creation of the world, and the second is the Exodus.<\/p>\n<p>Although <em>Zakhor<\/em> is a positive time-bound mitzva, women are obligated in its fulfillment just as men are since <em>Zakhor<\/em> and <em>Shamor <\/em>were uttered together in the Ten Commandments and have equal status. Therefore, just as women are obligated in the negative mitzva of <em>Shamor<\/em>, so too they are obligated in <em>Zakhor<\/em>. Since men and women have an equal obligation, a woman can make <em>kiddush <\/em>(a fulfillment of <em>Zakhor<\/em>) on a man\u2019s behalf. Yet a minor cannot make <em>kiddush <\/em>on an adult\u2019s behalf, since minors capable of grasping the idea of Shabbat are only rabbinically obligated in <em>kiddush<\/em>, whereas adults have a Torah obligation (SA 271:2).<\/p>\n<p>The Sages ordained fulfilling the mitzva of <em>Zakhor<\/em> by saying the Friday night <em>kiddush<\/em> over a cup of wine. There are two <em>berakhot<\/em> in the nighttime <em>kiddush<\/em>: <em>Ha-gafen <\/em>on the wine and <em>Mekadesh Ha-Shabbat <\/em>on the sanctity of Shabbat. The recitation of <em>kiddush<\/em> over wine immediately before the meal teaches that the sanctity of Shabbat is expressed on all levels \u2013 not just the spiritual aspects of life, but even the material aspects. It is therefore recited over wine, which brings joy, and before a festive meal.<\/p>\n<p>The Sages further ordained that <em>kiddush<\/em> be recited over wine during the day, just before the morning meal. By beginning the meal with <em>kiddush<\/em>, it is apparent that this meal is significant and special, and it reminds us of the holiness of Shabbat. Since the basis of the obligation of the daytime <em>kiddush<\/em> is rabbinic, no special <em>berakha<\/em> was instituted in honor of Shabbat; only <em>Ha-gafen <\/em>is recited, though verses relating to Shabbat are customarily recited beforehand. The Shabbat-day <em>kiddush <\/em>is called \u201c<em>Kidusha Rabba<\/em>\u201d (the \u201cgreat <em>kiddush<\/em>\u201d) euphemistically, as the nighttime <em>kiddush<\/em> is more important (see <em>Peninei Halakha:<\/em> <em>Shabbat<\/em> 5:1-3 for more on these laws).<\/p>\n<p>Like men, women are obligated to eat three meals on Shabbat and to have <em>le\u0125em mishneh<\/em> (SA 291:6l; MB and BHL <em>ad loc<\/em>.).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Two mitzvot from the Torah constitute Shabbat: the positive mitzva of Zakhor (\u201ccommemorate\u201d) and the negative mitzva of Shamor (\u201cobserve\u201d). Shamor entails refraining from all melakha (creative labor), whereas Zakhor means remembering the fundamentals of faith. The first principle we remember on Shabbat is the creation of the world, and the second is the Exodus. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[126],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8497","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-03-22"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>08. Kiddush and the Shabbat Meal - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/03-22-08\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"08. 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