{"id":8734,"date":"2010-05-13T08:00:53","date_gmt":"2010-05-13T05:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=8734"},"modified":"2017-07-17T10:40:59","modified_gmt":"2017-07-17T07:40:59","slug":"05-13-08","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/05-13-08\/","title":{"rendered":"08. Lighting Before <em>Shki\u2019a <\/em>or Late at Night in Pressing Circumstances"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>One who was unable to light \u0124anuka candles by 9 pm may light all night until dawn. However, he should recite the <em>berakhot <\/em>only if it is very likely that someone on the street will see his candles, or if someone at home, such as his wife or children, will see them. If, however, his family members have gone to sleep and would be upset if he were to wake them, and if it is unlikely that anyone will see his candles from the street, he should light without <em>berakhot<\/em>.<sup><a href='#_te01ftn13_13' id='_te01ftnref13_13' class='aup1'>[13]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>If one did not light all night, he has lost out on the mitzva of that day. Nevertheless, the next day he should light just like anyone else (Rema 672:2).<\/p>\n<p>Even though, as we have seen, on Friday we light the \u0124anuka candles before <em>shki\u2019a<\/em>, on a regular weekday one should not light before <em>shki\u2019a<\/em>. Only when there is no alternative may one light candles as early as <em>plag ha-min\u0125a<\/em>. For example, if one needs to leave home before <em>shki\u2019a<\/em>, there is no one at home who can light on his behalf, and he will return very late at night when no one will be around to see the candles, since he has no alternative, he may light the candles as early as <em>plag ha-min\u0125a<\/em> (about forty minutes in Israel) before sunset. According to most <em>poskim<\/em>, he should even recite the <em>berakhot<\/em> when he lights. If one needs to leave home even earlier, in pressing circumstances he may light as early as an hour before <em>shki\u2019a<\/em>, but he should light without the <em>berakhot <\/em>in such a case.<sup><a href='#_te01ftn13_14' id='_te01ftnref13_14' class='aup1'>[14]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div>\n<a href='#_te01ftnref13_13' id='_te01ftn13_13'>[13]<\/a>. <em>Shabbat<\/em> 21b states that the time for candle-lighting is \u201cuntil the marketplace empties out.\u201d The Rishonim explain that this is half an hour after candle-lighting time. They disagree about whether one may light later than this. mt, Laws of \u0124anuka 4:5 states that there is no mitzva to light later (and <em>Behag<\/em> and others rule likewise). Others maintain that the Gemara is describing the ideal time; <em>be-di\u2019avad<\/em>, however, one may light all night, even though one publicizes the miracle less when lighting late at night (Rashba, Rabbeinu Yeru\u0125am, and others). Some suggest that the dispute hinges on a debate between the two explanations given in the Gemara. Since the mitzva is rabbinic, the <em>halakha<\/em> follows the lenient opinion. Thus, <em>be-di\u2019avad<\/em>, one may light all night (Raavya in the name of Rabbeinu Tam; this seems to be the opinion of Rosh as well; sa 672:2). Many Rishonim maintain that even the stringent opinion would agree that when people light inside and the miracle is publicized for the family members whenever the lighting takes place, one may light all night long, even after the marketplace has emptied out. This is the opinion of <em>Tosafot<\/em>, Rashba, Ran, Rosh, <em>Sefer Ha-teruma<\/em>, and many others. Rema 672:2 agrees as well. Nevertheless, Rema adds that it is preferable to light at the time the Sages instituted. In a time of need, one may light later in accordance with the vast majority of <em>poskim<\/em>, as I wrote in the previous section and in n. 12.<\/p>\n<p>sa implies that one who lights late may recite the <em>berakhot<\/em> all night. This is surprising, as it seemingly would have been proper to take into consideration Rambam\u2019s position that one may not light late, and rule that one should not recite the <em>berakhot <\/em>due to uncertainty. However, there are several uncertainties at play in this case: a) perhaps the <em>halakha<\/em> follows the second explanation in the Gemara, and even <em>le-khat\u0125ila<\/em> one may light all night; b) perhaps even according to the first explanation, <em>be-di\u2019avad<\/em> the <em>berakhot<\/em> may be recited all night; c) perhaps when lighting inside, it is acceptable to light all night. Additionally, the custom in the past was to recite the <em>berakhot<\/em> even when lighting late. Indeed, according to <em>Pri \u0124adash<\/em>, <em>\u0124emed Moshe<\/em>, and others, <em>be-di\u2019avad<\/em>, even if no one else will see the candles, one recites the <em>berakhot <\/em>when lighting. This is because they maintain that, <em>be-di\u2019avad<\/em>, one may light all night. They claim further that lighting late at night is similar to the case of a person who lives in an isolated area, in which all agree that he may light with the <em>berakhot<\/em> at the beginning of the night, because that is the time the Sages ordained for lighting. This is the view of <em>Igrot Moshe<\/em>, o\u0125 4:105:7 (sht 672:17 states that one does not need to object if people rely on this leniency). However, in practice many A\u0125aronim maintain that once the marketplace has emptied out, one may make the <em>berakhot<\/em> only if the miracle will actually be publicized to others. ma 672:6 rules accordingly, as does mb <em>ad loc.<\/em> 11. The plural phrase \u201cmembers of the household\u201d implies that there must be at least two additional people there (<em>Ben Ish \u0124ai<\/em>, Year 1, <em>Hilkhot \u0124anuka <\/em>7 [Vayeshev]). However, according to ahs 672:7, as long as there is one additional person, even a child who only partially understands, one may recite the <em>berakhot<\/em>. This is what I wrote in the main text, as it is the intermediate position.<\/p>\n<p>An additional strong rationale for permitting lighting late appears in the newer edition of Ritva, which states that the law follows local norms. If so, now that we have electric lights, the appropriate time to light extends later than it once did. This can be explained in one of two ways. The first approach is that the time when \u201cthe marketplace empties out\u201d refers to when people return home latest from work. This seems to be the opinion of <em>Shiltei Giborim<\/em>. Nowadays, this is about 9 pm. The second approach is that everything depends upon publicizing the miracle, so if people are still out on the streets late at night, the marketplace has not yet emptied out, and one may still light candles with the <em>berakhot<\/em>. This seems to be the opinion of Maharshal (<em>Responsa<\/em> <em>Maharshal<\/em> \u00a785), who writes that one may publicize the miracle until midnight. <em>Sefat Emet<\/em> states this as well. In practice, as I wrote at the end of section 7, in a time of need one may delay the lighting until 9 pm, but no later. Since that is when people who work late are coming home, this approach fits best with the idea of the marketplace emptying out. Furthermore, since people sometimes delay dinner until then, there is no great concern that they will forget to light. It should be emphasized that for purpose of making a living, which is considered a great need, it is proper to delay lighting, but for other purposes it is not. In my humble opinion, since people are still returning from work at that time, one may light candles with the <em>berakhot<\/em> then, even if no one else will see the candles. In a time of need, if one wants to delay lighting later than 9 pm but while there are still people in the street next to his home, he has an opinion to rely upon, but, in my opinion, this should not be done except in pressing circumstances.<\/p>\n<p><a href='#_te01ftnref13_14' id='_te01ftn13_14'>[14]<\/a>. According to Rambam, one may not light candles before <em>shki\u2019a<\/em>. <em>Or\u0125ot \u0124ayim<\/em> maintains that in pressing circumstances one may light as early as <em>plag ha-min\u0125a<\/em>. This position is cited in sa 672:1. Most A\u0125aronim, including mb <em>ad loc<\/em>. 3, permit reciting the <em>berakhot<\/em> as well. Others, including <em>Torat Ha-mo\u2019adim<\/em> 4:2, argue that one should not recite the <em>berakhot<\/em>. <em>Mikra\u2019ei Kodesh <\/em>(Harari)<em>:<\/em> <em>Hilkhot \u0124anuka<\/em> 4:4-5 states in the name of R. Mordechai Eliyahu that one should recite the <em>berakhot<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>The <em>poskim<\/em> disagree how to calculate <em>plag ha-min\u0125a<\/em>. Some calculate it based on the understanding that the day ends at <em>shki\u2019a<\/em> (Vilna Gaon), while others calculate it based on the understanding that the day ends at <em>tzeit <\/em>(<em>Terumat Ha-deshen<\/em>); both positions are cited in mb 233:4. mb 672:3 states that for the purpose of calculating <em>plag ha-min\u0125a<\/em>, the day ends at <em>tzeit<\/em>. (See <em>Peninei<\/em> <em>Halakha<\/em>:<em> Prayer<\/em> ch. 24 n. 9 and ch. 25 n. 3; see also the end of <em>Igrot<\/em> <em>Moshe<\/em> o\u0125 4:62, which explains that the two \u201chalves\u201d of the day are not equal in duration.) Since at \u0124anuka time in Israel the length of a seasonal hour is about 51 minutes, and <em>plag<\/em> <em>ha<\/em>&#8211;<em>min\u0125a<\/em> is thus 63 minutes before <em>shki\u2019a<\/em>, I wrote in the main text that in pressing circumstances one may light forty minutes before <em>shki\u2019a<\/em>. If one must leave home earlier than this, he may light up to 63 minutes before <em>shki\u2019a<\/em>, following the position that we calculate <em>plag ha-min\u0125a<\/em> based on <em>shki\u2019a<\/em>. However, he should not recite the <em>berakhot<\/em>, because of a double uncertainty: perhaps the law follows Rambam and one may not light before <em>shki\u2019a<\/em> at all; and perhaps the law follows <em>Terumat<\/em> <em>Ha<\/em>&#8211;<em>deshen<\/em>, and we calculate <em>plag<\/em> <em>ha<\/em>&#8211;<em>min\u0125a<\/em> based on <em>tzeit<\/em> rather than <em>shki\u2019a<\/em>.\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One who was unable to light \u0124anuka candles by 9 pm may light all night until dawn. However, he should recite the berakhot only if it is very likely that someone on the street will see his candles, or if someone at home, such as his wife or children, will see them. If, however, his [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[132],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-05-13"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>08. Lighting Before Shki\u2019a or Late at Night in Pressing Circumstances - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/05-13-08\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"08. 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