{"id":8815,"date":"2010-05-01T00:00:07","date_gmt":"2010-04-30T21:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=8815"},"modified":"2017-07-18T09:50:27","modified_gmt":"2017-07-18T06:50:27","slug":"05-00","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/05-00\/","title":{"rendered":"Glossary"},"content":{"rendered":"

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A\u0125aronim<\/td>\nHalakhic authorities from c. 1500 CE until the present day<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Al Ha-mi\u0125ya<\/em><\/td>\n\u201cOn the Sustenance\u201d; a blessing, abridged from the three blessings of Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>, recited after eating grain products, drinking wine, etc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Al Ha-nisim<\/em><\/td>\n“For the Miracles”; a paragraph added to the Amida<\/em> and\u00a0Birkat Hamazon<\/em>\u00a0on\u00a0\u0124anuka\u00a0and\u00a0Purim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
al netilat yadayim<\/em><\/td>\n“Concerning the Washing of the Hands”; the berakha<\/em> recited upon performing Netilat Yadayim<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
aliya <\/em>(pl. aliyot<\/em>)<\/td>\nthe calling of a congregant up to the Torah scroll as a section of it is read aloud<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
alot ha-sha\u0125ar<\/em><\/td>\ndawn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ama <\/em>(pl. amot<\/em>)<\/td>\na cubit; a standard halakhic measure of distance equaling c. 45cm and approximating the distance from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow of the average adult male<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Amida<\/em><\/td>\n\u201cThe Standing Prayer\u201d; also called the Shemoneh Esrei; the central prayer of each service, in which the worshipper stands as though in God\u2019s presence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Aneinu<\/em><\/td>\n“Answer Us”; a paragraph added to the Amida<\/em> on fast days<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Anshei Knesset Ha-gedola<\/em><\/td>\n“The Men of the Great Assembly”, a group of sages and prophets from the beginning of the Second Temple era (c. 500 BCE) who instituted several enactments that shaped the course of halakha<\/em> and Jewish tradition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Asher Yatzar<\/em><\/td>\n“Who has Formed”; a berakha <\/em>recited after using the bathroom<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ashrei<\/em><\/td>\n“Fortunate”; a psalm (Tehilim 145 plus several added verses) that is recited thrice daily in Jewish prayers, twice during Sha\u0125arit and once during Min\u0125a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ata \u0124onantanu<\/em><\/td>\nprayer added to the Amida <\/em>of Ma\u2019ariv <\/em>of Motza\u2019ei Shabbat<\/em> that serves as a form of havdala<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
aufruf<\/em><\/td>\nthe custom of honoring a groom on the Shabbat prior to his wedding by calling him up to the Torah and inviting family and friends to a celebratory kiddush<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Avinu Malkeinu<\/em><\/td>\na\u00a0penitential prayer\u00a0recited during\u00a0the\u00a0Ten Days of Repentance\u00a0and on public fast days<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
bal tash\u0125it<\/em><\/td>\nthe prohibition against destroying\u00a0things needlessly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Barkhi Nafshi<\/em><\/td>\nTehilim chapter 104, recited on Rosh \u0124odesh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Barkhu<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0“Bless”; the call to worship recited at various points in the prayer service and which requires a minyan<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
be-di’avad<\/em><\/td>\na level of performance that ex post facto <\/em>satisfies an obligation in a less-than-ideal manner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
bein ha-metzarim<\/em><\/td>\n\u201cBetween the Straits;\u201d figurative name for the period of the Three Weeks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
bein ha-shmashot<\/em><\/td>\nthe time between sunset and the emergence of stars, when it is not clear whether it is night or day<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
beit din <\/em>(pl. batei din<\/em>)<\/td>\nrabbinical court<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Beit Din Ha-gadol<\/em><\/td>\nThe high court or Sanhedrin of 71 sages that would convene in Jerusalem, on the Temple Mount.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
beit midrash <\/em>(pl. batei midrash<\/em>)<\/td>\nTorah study hall<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
beraita<\/em><\/td>\na Tannaitic statement not included in the Mishna<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
berakha<\/em><\/td>\na formal blessing recited before eating or performing a mitzva, and on other occasions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
berakha<\/em> le-vatala <\/em><\/td>\na blessing recited in vain<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Birkat Ha-levana<\/em><\/td>\nthe berakha<\/em> recited on the moon at the beginning of each month<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em><\/td>\nknown as the “grace after meals”; the berakha a\u0125arona<\/em> consisting of four berakhot <\/em>recited after a bread-based meal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Birkat Kohanim<\/em><\/td>\nthe three verses (Bamidbar 6:23-25) by which the Kohanim <\/em>channel God’s blessing to the Jewish people<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Birkhot Ha-nehenin<\/em><\/td>\nberakhot <\/em>recited just before pleasurable experiences like eating food or smelling fragrances<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Birkhot Ha-sha\u0125ar<\/em><\/td>\na series of berakhot<\/em> recited each morning, praising God for meeting our most basic needs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Boneh Yerushalayim<\/em><\/td>\nthe third berakha <\/em>of Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>, whose theme is the rebuilding of Jerusalem and the Temple; also known as \u201cRa\u0125em<\/em>\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
brit <\/em>(mila<\/em>)<\/td>\n\u00a0the ritual circumcision (mila<\/em>) performed on the eighth day of a Jewish boy’s like, when he enters into Israel’s covenant (brit<\/em>) with God<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
devarim she-bikdusha<\/em><\/td>\n“sacred words” or “sacred matters” that must be treated or recited with a greater degree of respect<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
divrei kabbala<\/em><\/td>\ncommandments ordained by the prophets; an intermediate category between Torah law and rabbinic law<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
eifa<\/em><\/td>\na dry measurement of volume; three se\u2019ah<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
eruv <\/em>(\u0125atzerot<\/em>)<\/td>\na physical boundary that can transform a reshut ha-rabim <\/em>into a reshut ha-ya\u0125id<\/em>, allowing people to carry items within that area on Shabbat, as well as to carry items from another domain into that area, and vice versa; alternatively, the communal food that is set aside to join all homes and yards within the area, allowing it to be considered one reshut ha-ya\u0125id<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
gabbai<\/em><\/td>\nthe congregant in charge of running services in the synagogue, selecting prayer leaders, managing charity collections and funds, and calling people up to the Torah<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Go\u2019el Yisrael<\/em><\/td>\n\u201cRedeemer of Israel\u201d; the eighth berakha <\/em>of the Amida<\/em>, in which we pray for God to redeem us<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
haftara<\/em><\/td>\na selection from the books of Nevi\u2019im<\/em>\u00a0(Prophets) that is publicly read in synagogues on Shabbat, festivals, and fast days<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ha-gafen<\/em><\/td>\nthe berakha<\/em> recited over wine and grape juice<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hakhnasat Sefer Torah<\/em><\/td>\nInauguration of a Torah scroll<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0125alaka<\/em><\/td>\nsee \u201cupsherin<\/em>\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
halakha <\/em>(pl. halakhot<\/em>)<\/td>\nthe collective body of\u00a0Jewish law; an individual Jewish law<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hallel<\/em><\/td>\nchapters 113-118 of Tehilim, all of which are thanksgiving psalms, recited on Jewish holidays<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0125amar medina<\/em><\/td>\nlit. \u201cthe wine of the country\u201d; a dignified beverage that people in one\u2019s locale drink as one would drink wine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ha-mavdil<\/em><\/td>\nthe main berakha <\/em>of havdala<\/em>, commemorating the end of Shabbat or Yom Tov and the distinction between the sacred and the profane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ha-nerot Halalu<\/em><\/td>\na hymn that is traditionally recited after the lighting of the \u0124anuka candles<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
hanetz ha-\u0125ama<\/em><\/td>\nsunrise<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0125anukiya<\/em><\/td>\nor \u201cmenora\u201d; the nine-branched candelabrum used on \u0124anuka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ha-Ra\u0125aman<\/em><\/td>\na series of short requests at the end of Birkat Ha-mazon <\/em>that all begin with the word \u201cHa-Ra\u0125aman\u201d (\u201cMay the Merciful One\u201d)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ha-rav et riveinu<\/em><\/td>\nthe concluding berakha <\/em>of the reading of Megilat Esther<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ha-tov Ve-hametiv<\/em><\/td>\n\u201cWho is good and bestows good\u201d; a special berakha <\/em>recited when something very fortunate happens; also refers to the fourth and final berakha <\/em>of Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
havdala<\/em><\/td>\nthe series of berakhot<\/em> that marks the end of Shabbat and festivals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0125azan<\/em><\/td>\nthe person leading the congregation in prayer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0125ilul Hashem<\/em><\/td>\ndesecration of the name of God<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
hilula<\/em><\/td>\nthe<\/a> anniversary of a death (yahrzeit<\/em>), marked by celebration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0125inukh<\/em><\/td>\neducation, training<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0124ol Ha-mo\u2019ed <\/em><\/td>\nthe intermediate days of Sukkot and Pesa\u0125, on which certain weekday activities are permitted<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0124umash <\/em>(pl. \u0125umashim<\/em>)<\/td>\nthe Pentateuch; any of the five books of the Torah<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaddish<\/em><\/td>\na hymn of praises to God whose central theme is the magnification and sanctification of God\u2019s name<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kal va-\u0125omer<\/em><\/td>\na fortiori <\/em>reasoning<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kavana<\/em><\/td>\nconcentration, intention, or mindfulness; the ideal state of mind during prayer and the performance of mitzvot<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kebeitza<\/em><\/td>\nan egg\u2019s bulk; a standard halakhic measure of volume or weight, equivalent to 55cc (according to R. \u0124ayim Naeh)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kedusha<\/em><\/td>\na responsive prayer of three verses recited in the third berakha <\/em>of \u0124azarat Ha-shatz<\/em>, praising God as the ministering angels do and therefore requiring a minyan<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kevod ha-briyot<\/em><\/td>\nhuman dignity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kezayit <\/em>(pl. kezeytim<\/em>)<\/td>\nan olive\u2019s bulk, a standard halakhic measure of volume or weight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kiddush<\/em><\/td>\nthe invocation of the sanctity of a holy day with blessings over a cup of wine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kiddush Hashem<\/em><\/td>\nthe sanctification of God\u2019s name<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kiddush Levana<\/em><\/td>\nsee Birkat Ha-levana<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kinot<\/em><\/td>\nelegies and lamentations over the destruction of the Temple, recited on Tisha Be-Av<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Knesset Yisrael<\/em><\/td>\nthe entirety (lit. \u2018assembly\u2019) of the Jewish people<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kohen <\/em>(pl. kohanim<\/em>)<\/td>\na Jewish priest, descendant of Aaron, charged with performing the Temple rites and benefitting from certain privileges<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kometz<\/em><\/td>\nhandful<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Korbanot<\/em><\/td>\nthe part of the prayer service in which paragraphs about the Temple korbanot <\/em>are recited<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lag Ba-omer<\/td>\nthe 33rd<\/sup> day of the omer <\/em>period, celebrated as a quasi-holiday. See Chapter 5.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
le-khat\u0125ila<\/em><\/td>\nab initio<\/em>; a level of performance that satisfies an obligation in an ideal manner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
le-mehadrin<\/em><\/td>\nin a more beautiful and enhanced manner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Le-shem Yi\u0125ud<\/em><\/td>\na formula recited prior to the performance of a mitzva, which focuses on mystical \u2018unifications\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lo Yilbash<\/em><\/td>\nthe Torah prohibition against a man wearing a woman\u2019s clothing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
lulav<\/em><\/td>\na closed palm frond, one of the four species used during the holiday of Sukkot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ma\u2019ariv <\/em><\/td>\nevening prayers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ma\u2019aser kesafim<\/em><\/td>\na tithe of one\u2019s earnings, given to tzedaka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
maftir<\/em><\/td>\nthe person who reads the haftara<\/em>, or at least recites the blessing on the haftara<\/em>; alternatively, the aliya<\/em> following the seven mandated aliyot<\/em> that is given to the person who will read the haftara<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
matanot le-evyonim<\/em><\/td>\ngifts given to the poor on Purim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Me-ein Shalosh<\/em><\/td>\nsee \u201cAl Ha-mi\u0125ya<\/em>\u201d; the blessing said after eating a kezayit<\/em> of grain or of the special fruits of Eretz Yisrael, or after drinking a revi’it <\/em>of wine or grape juice<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
megilot<\/em><\/td>\n\u201cscrolls\u201d; the five books of Ketuvim that are read on holidays and festivals, the best-known of which is Esther<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mehadrin<\/em><\/td>\nsee \u201cle-mehadrin<\/em>\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mehadrin min ha-mehadrin<\/em><\/td>\nthe most enhanced form of the observance of a mitzva<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Melakha <\/em>(pl. melakhot<\/em>)<\/td>\nproductive work of the type prohibited on Shabbat and Yom Tov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
melo lugmav<\/em><\/td>\na measure of liquid; enough to fill the drinker\u2019s mouth with one cheek inflated<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
menora<\/em><\/td>\nthe seven-branched candelabrum used in the Temple; a \u0125anukiya <\/em>is often called a \u201cmenora<\/em>\u201d colloquially.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mezonot<\/em><\/td>\nfood that is made from grain but is not bread, or the berakha <\/em>recited on such foods<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mezuza<\/em><\/td>\nthe doorpost, or the parchment inscribed with specific paragraphs from the Torah that must be affixed to the doorpost of Jewish homes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mikveh<\/em><\/td>\na ritual immersion pool<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Min\u0125a<\/em><\/td>\nthe afternoon prayers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
minyan<\/em><\/td>\na quorum of ten adult Jewish males required for certain religious obligations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mishkan<\/em><\/td>\nTabernacle; the portable dwelling place for the Divine Presence that was the center of Israelite worship before the Temple was constructed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mishlo\u2019a\u0125 manot<\/em><\/td>\nlit. “sending of portions”;\u00a0gifts of food or drink that are sent on Purim day.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mishteh<\/em><\/td>\nbanquet or drinking party; one of the mitzvot<\/em> of Purim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mitzva (pl. mitzvot<\/em>)<\/td>\ncommandment, precept<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Modim<\/em><\/td>\nthe berakha <\/em>of thanksgiving in which one bows at the beginning and end; the second to last berakha <\/em>of the Amida<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mohel<\/em><\/td>\na ritual circumciser<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
molad<\/em><\/td>\nthe moment of \u201cbirth\u201d of the new moon, when it begins waxing once again\u00a0<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Motza’ei Shabbat<\/em><\/td>\nSaturday night after Shabbat ends and weekday activities are resumed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Musaf<\/em><\/td>\nthe additional service recited on Shabbat, Yom Tov, \u0125ol ha-mo\u2019ed<\/em>, and Rosh \u0124odesh, days on which the korban musaf<\/em> was offered in Temple times<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Na\u0125em<\/em><\/td>\nan addition to the Amida<\/em> at Min\u0125a <\/em>of Tisha Be-Av, praying for Jerusalem to be comforted by being rebuilt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
nasi <\/em>(pl. nesi\u2019im<\/em>)<\/td>\ntribal princes of Israel; a generic term for a leader<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ne\u2019ila<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0the concluding service, a special Jewish prayer service that is held only on Yom Kippur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
nida<\/em><\/td>\na woman who has menstruated and not yet immersed in a mikveh to purify herself<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nodeh Lekha<\/em><\/td>\nthe second berakha <\/em>of Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>, which expresses gratitude to the Almighty for giving the Land of Israel to the Jewish people<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
omer<\/em><\/td>\na biblical measure of grain and an offering brought in the Temple on the second day of Pesa\u0125; the count from that day until Shavu’ot is known as the counting of the omer<\/em>, or Sefirat Ha-omer<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
oneg Shabbat<\/em><\/td>\nthe mitzva to make Shabbat a delight by experiencing pleasure and avoiding discomfort and suffering<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
orla<\/em><\/td>\nthe Torah prohibition on eating fruit from a tree for the first three years after it planting<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Parashat Para<\/em><\/td>\nTorah portion concerning the preparation of ashes from a red heifer to purify those who have been contaminated by direct proximity to a human corpse; the third of the four special portions read around the time of Purim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Parashat Shekalim<\/em><\/td>\nTorah portion concerning the half-shekel assessment of all Israel; the first of the four special portions read around the time of Purim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Parashat Zakhor<\/em><\/td>\nTorah portion read on the Shabbat before Purim to fulfill the mitzva of remembering what Amalek did to Israel; second of the four read around the time of Purim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Parsahat Ha-\u0125odesh<\/em><\/td>\n(lit. “portion of the month”); Torah portion concerning the Passover offering and the mitzvah to keep a calendar, read on the Shabbat before the month of Nissan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
parsha <\/em>(pl. parshiyot<\/em>)<\/td>\na passage from the Torah; the weekly Torah portion that is read at the synagogue each Shabbat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pesa\u0125<\/em><\/td>\nPassover; the Jewish springtime holiday that celebrates Israel\u2019s liberation from Egyptian bondage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pesukei De-zimra<\/em><\/td>\nthe psalms of praise recited prior to Sha\u0125arit<\/em> which prepare one for the Amida<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pidyon ha-ben<\/em><\/td>\na mitzva in which a Jewish firstborn son is redeemed from a kohen <\/em>with five silver coins<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
plag ha-min\u0125a<\/em><\/td>\n1.25 seasonal hours before the end of the day, according to some the earliest time that one can accept Shabbat on Friday afternoon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
posek <\/em>(pl. poskim<\/em>)<\/td>\na halakhic decisor or authority<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pruta<\/em><\/td>\na copper coin used in antiquity, which had less value than any other coin; a \u201cpenny\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Purim Ha-meshulash<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0a somewhat rare calendric occurrence in which the 15th<\/sup> of Adar coincides with Shabbat, in which case Jerusalemites spread the Purim observances over three days, Friday through Sunday<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ra\u0125em<\/em><\/td>\n\u201cHave compassion\u201d; the third berakha <\/em>of Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>, also known as Boneh Yerushalayim<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Refa\u2019einu<\/em><\/td>\nthe 9th berakha <\/em>of the weekday Amida<\/em>, in which we pray for health and wellbeing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
reshut ha-rabim<\/em><\/td>\npublic domain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Retzei Ve-ha\u0125alitzenu<\/em><\/td>\nthe passage that is inserted into Birkat Ha-mazon <\/em>on Shabbat during the third berakha<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sandak<\/em><\/td>\nthe \u201cgodfather\u201d of a baby boy, honored with holding the baby on his knees while the brit mila <\/em>is performed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
se\u2019uda<\/em><\/td>\na festive or formal meal or banquet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
se\u2019uda ha-mafseket<\/em><\/td>\nthe final meal before the fasts of Tisha Be-Av and Yom Kippur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
se\u2019uda shlishit<\/em><\/td>\nthe obligatory third Shabbat meal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
se\u2019udat<\/em> mitzva<\/em><\/td>\na\u00a0festive meal celebrating the fulfillment of a\u00a0mitzva<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sefirat ha-omer<\/em><\/td>\nthe mitzva of counting the days from the second day of Pesa\u0125 until Shavu\u2019ot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sefirot<\/em><\/td>\nmystical “emanations” through which God created and sustains the world<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
semikha<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0the authority to adjudicate Torah law, conferred in an unbroken chain from Moshe; nowadays, in the absence of the original semikha<\/em>, it refers to rabbinical ordination generally<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shabbat \u0124atan<\/em><\/td>\nsee \u201caufruf<\/em>\u201d; this can also refer to the Shabbat after the wedding, during which the new couple is honored in the synagogue and with festive meals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shabbat Mevarkhim<\/em><\/td>\nthe Shabbat before Rosh \u0124odesh, when the onset of the next lunar cycle and beginning of the new month are announced<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shabbat shalom<\/em><\/td>\n\u201cpeaceful Shabbat\u201d; a customary greeting on Shabbat, the Hebrew equivalent of \u201cgood Shabbos\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shabbatot<\/em><\/td>\nplural of Shabbat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sha\u0125arit<\/em><\/td>\nthe morning prayers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shali\u2019a\u0125 <\/em><\/td>\nproxy or agent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shalom zakhar<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0a festive gathering hosted by the parents of a newborn baby boy on the first Shabbat eve after his birth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shamash<\/em><\/td>\n\u201chelper\u201d or \u201csevant\u201d; the candle that is used to light the \u0124anuka candles and as an extra light that is used to make sure that we do not use the light of the \u0124anuka candles themselves<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
She-asa Li Kol Tzorki<\/em><\/td>\n“Who has Provided me with all my Needs”; one of the Birkhot Ha-sha\u0125ar<\/em>, originally recited upon putting on one\u2019s shoes in the morning<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
She-asa Nisim<\/em><\/td>\n\u201cWho performed miracles for our forefathers\u201d; a berakha<\/em> of praise recited over \u0124anuka candles and the reading of Megilat Esther<\/em> on Purim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
She-hakol<\/em><\/td>\nthe generic berakha<\/em> on food, recited on foods not included in the purview of any other berakha<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
She-he\u0125eyanu<\/em><\/td>\n“Who has given us life”; a berakha<\/em> recited at specific significant occasions<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shekhina<\/em><\/td>\nthe\u00a0divine presence in this world<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shema<\/em><\/td>\nthe three Torah paragraphs (or the first of the three paragraphs) whose recitation is a centerpiece of the morning and evening prayers; its opening verse is the Jewish credo: “Hear, O Israel: the Lord\u00a0is our God, the Lord\u00a0is one”<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shemoneh Esrei<\/em><\/td>\n“The Eighteen,” (in reference to the original number of constituent blessings; there are now nineteen); the Amida<\/em>, the central prayer of the Jewish liturgy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sheva berakhot<\/em><\/td>\nthe seven blessings recited at a wedding ceremony and at the conclusion of a meal held in honor of the bride and groom during their first week of marriage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shi\u2019ur<\/em><\/td>\na standard halakhic measurement for weight, distance, or volume<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shir shel Yom<\/em><\/td>\nthe “song of the day” that the Levites would sing in the Temple and which is now recited at the end of Sha\u0125arit<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shiva<\/em><\/td>\nthe weeklong\u00a0mourning\u00a0period for close relatives, during which visitors bring solace and comfort to the homebound mourners<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shki\u2019a<\/em><\/td>\nshorthand for shki\u2019at ha-\u0125ama<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shki\u2019at ha-\u0125ama<\/em><\/td>\nsunset, when Shabbat and Jewish holidays begin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shloshim<\/em><\/td>\nthe month-long mourning period for close relatives; less intense than shiva<\/em>, but still characterized by numerous laws and customs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shofar<\/em><\/td>\na musical instrument made of a horn, traditionally that of a ram, blown as part of the Rosh Hashana ritual as well as other rituals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shome\u2019a ke-oneh<\/em><\/td>\n\u201chearing is akin to responding\u201d; the halakhic principle under which one can fulfill an obligation by hearing the recitation (of a berakha<\/em>, for example) made by someone else<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shome\u2019a Tefila<\/em><\/td>\n“Who Hears Prayer”; the 16th<\/sup> berakha <\/em>of the weekday Amida <\/em>in which we ask God to answer our prayers and may insert personal petitions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
siddur<\/em><\/td>\na Jewish prayer book<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
siyum<\/em> masekhet<\/em><\/td>\na se’udat mitzva <\/em>occasioned by the completion of a tractate of the Talmud or another significant corpus of the Torah<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sufganiyot<\/em><\/td>\njelly donuts, traditionally eaten in\u00a0Israel\u00a0and around the world on \u0124anuka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ta\u0125anun<\/em><\/td>\n“Supplication”; the heartbreaking prayers recited after the Amida <\/em>of Sha\u0125arit <\/em>and Min\u0125a<\/em>, omitted on festive occasions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
talit<\/em><\/td>\nthe four-cornered prayer shawl, fringed by tzitzit<\/em>, traditionally worn by Jewish men during prayer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
talit katan<\/em><\/td>\na four cornered garment, fringed by tzitzit<\/em>, traditionally worn by Jewish males under (and, among some groups, over) their clothing\u00a0<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tefa\u0125 <\/em>(pl. tefa\u0125im<\/em>)<\/td>\na handbreadth; a halakhic measurement equal to c. 8cm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tefilin<\/em><\/td>\nphylacteries; black leather boxes and straps containing parchment scrolls, worn during weekday morning prayers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
teruma <\/em>(pl. terumot<\/em>)<\/td>\na tithe of c. 2% of produce, given to kohanim<\/em><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tosefet Shabbat<\/em><\/td>\nthe time added before and\/or after Shabbat to fulfill the mitzva of extending Shabbat into the week<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tzadikim<\/em><\/td>\nrighteous individuals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tzeit<\/em><\/td>\nshorthand for tzeit ha-kokhavim<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tzeit ha-kokhavim<\/em><\/td>\nthe appearance of three distinct stars, marking nightfall for various halakhic purposes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tziduk Ha-din<\/em><\/td>\na\u00a0prayer\u00a0recited at a\u00a0Jewish funeral, in which mourners accept God\u2019s judgment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tzitzit<\/em><\/td>\nthe specially-tied fringes that worn on the corners of four-cornered garments; often used interchangeably with the term \u201ctalit katan<\/em>\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tzni\u2019ut<\/em><\/td>\nmodesty, humility, or privacy, a character trait that governs Jewish behavior and dress, based on the notion that one is always in God’s presence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
upsherin<\/em><\/td>\na custom, observed by many, by which a young Jewish boy has his first haircut at age three, accompanied by an elaborate ceremony<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
U-va Le-Tziyon<\/em><\/td>\na prayer recited along with Ashrei <\/em>at the end of the weekday Sha\u0125arit <\/em>and at Min\u0125a <\/em>on Shabbat and festivals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ya\u2019aleh Ve-yavo<\/em><\/td>\nthe paragraph inserted into the Amida <\/em>and Birkat Ha-mazon <\/em>of festivals on which Musaf<\/em> is recited<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
yahrtzeit<\/em><\/td>\na Yiddish word that means \u201canniversary,\u201d referring to a date of death, which is often marked by customary observances<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yom Ha-Kaddish Ha-klali<\/em><\/td>\nthe date ordained by the Chief Rabbinate of Israel to recite Kaddish <\/em>for Jews who perished in the Holocaust and whose yahrzeit <\/em>is unknown<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yom Kippur Katan<\/em><\/td>\nthe \u201cminor\u201d Yom Kippur; the day before Rosh \u0124odesh, observed as an auspicious time for repentance and atonement (see section 1:9)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
zimun<\/em><\/td>\nthe responsive passage recited prior to Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>, in which a leader invites two or more participants to praise God together<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A\u0125aronim Halakhic authorities from c. 1500 CE until the present day Al Ha-mi\u0125ya \u201cOn the Sustenance\u201d; a blessing, abridged from the three blessings of Birkat Ha-mazon, recited after eating grain products, drinking wine, etc. Al Ha-nisim “For the Miracles”; a paragraph added to the Amida and\u00a0Birkat Hamazon\u00a0on\u00a0\u0124anuka\u00a0and\u00a0Purim al netilat yadayim “Concerning the Washing of the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zemanim"],"yoast_head":"\nGlossary - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/05-00\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Glossary - Peninei Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A\u0125aronim Halakhic authorities from c. 1500 CE until the present day Al Ha-mi\u0125ya \u201cOn the Sustenance\u201d; a blessing, abridged from the three blessings of Birkat Ha-mazon, recited after eating grain products, drinking wine, etc. Al Ha-nisim “For the Miracles”; a paragraph added to the Amida and\u00a0Birkat Hamazon\u00a0on\u00a0\u0124anuka\u00a0and\u00a0Purim al netilat yadayim “Concerning the Washing of the […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/05-00\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Peninei Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2010-04-30T21:00:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-07-18T06:50:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"16 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/en\\\/05-00\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/en\\\/05-00\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8822293bfa4f7cd35b44a3c311851b63\"},\"headline\":\"Glossary\",\"datePublished\":\"2010-04-30T21:00:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-07-18T06:50:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/en\\\/05-00\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":3231,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Zemanim\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/en\\\/05-00\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/en\\\/05-00\\\/\",\"name\":\"Glossary - 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