{"id":9174,"date":"2000-12-01T00:07:40","date_gmt":"2000-11-30T22:07:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=9174"},"modified":"2019-05-14T12:36:11","modified_gmt":"2019-05-14T09:36:11","slug":"12-01-07","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/12-01-07\/","title":{"rendered":"07. The Festive Meals \u2013 \u201cMikra\u2019ei Kodesh<\/em>\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

It is a mitzva to have two festive meals on Yom Tov, one by night and one by day. This is one of the primary expressions of the sanctity of the holiday. All the holidays are referred to in the Torah as mikra\u2019ei kodesh <\/em>(sacred occasions). As the same term is used for Shabbat, in this area the holidays are equal to Shabbat. The Sages elaborate: \u201cHow does one sanctify them? With food, drink, and clean clothing\u201d (Sifra<\/em>, Emor 12:4). Similarly, Rambam writes: \u201cJust as we are commanded to honor Shabbat and enjoy it, so are we commanded regarding the holidays, as the verse states: \u2018[Call Shabbat \u201cdelight,\u201d] the Lord\u2019s holy [day] \u201chonored\u201d\u2019 (Yeshayahu 58:13). All the holidays [as well as Shabbat] are referred to as mikra\u2019ei kodesh<\/em>\u201d (MT 6:16; see also SA 529:1).<\/p>\n

There is a difference, however. On Shabbat, the Sages ordained, based on allusions in verses (Shabbat <\/em>117b), that we partake of three meals, on account of the special holiness of Shabbat. In contrast, on Yom Tov the mitzva is limited to two meals, one by day and one by night (Rosh; Tur<\/em>). People need to eat two meals every day, and the mitzva on holidays is to turn these meals into notable, festive ones (SA 529:1; Birkei Yosef<\/em> ad loc<\/em>. 3; MB ad loc<\/em>. 13; Kaf Ha-\u1e25ayim ad loc.<\/em> 24).<\/p>\n

It is a mitzva to eat bread at each of these meals (see 2:5 below), and it is a mitzva to have two loaves, just as we do on Shabbat, and for the same reason: since the manna did not fall on Shabbat or Yom Tov, a double portion of manna fell on the day before Shabbat and holidays (SA 529:1; Peninei Halakha<\/em>: Shabbat<\/em> 7:3).[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Even though Shabbat is holier than Yom Tov, on Yom Tov there is a mitzva to serve better food and wear fancier clothes than those of Shabbat, because of the special mitzva to enjoy Yom Tov, as we will explain in the next section.<\/p>\n

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\n[3]<\/a>. Both Shabbat and Yom Tov are referred to as mikra\u2019ei kodesh<\/em>. Just as it is a mitzva to honor Shabbat and enjoy it, as is stated explicitly, \u201cCall Shabbat \u2018delight,\u2019 the Lord\u2019s holy [day] \u2018honored\u2019\u201d (Yeshayahu 58:13), so too it is a mitzva on Yom Tov. Rambam says this in MT, Laws of Yom Tov 6:16. Shul\u1e25an Arukh<\/em> agrees: \u201cOne must honor it and delight in it, just like on Shabbat\u201d (529:1). See Peninei Halakha: Shabbat<\/em>, vol. 1, ch. 7 n. 2, where we describe the disagreement among Rishonim as to whether the obligations of honor and delight are biblical or rabbinic. The homiletical exposition of the phrase \u201cmikra kodesh<\/em>\u201d makes it sound like it is a Torah law. This is the position of Ramban. On the other hand, the source of the details is Yeshayahu, which implies that the law is not biblical. This is the position of Rambam and Sefer Ha-\u1e25inukh<\/em>.<\/p>\n

It seems from Rambam that on Yom Tov one must have three meals (MT, Laws of Shabbat 30:9, although Beit Yosef<\/em> suggests it does not necessarily mean this). In practice, almost all poskim <\/em>are of the opinion of that on Yom Tov there is a mitzva to have only two meals. Tur<\/em> states that this was the practice of Rosh. This is also the ruling of SA 529:1; Tosfot Yom Tov<\/em>; SAH; and MB ad loc<\/em>. 12. Levush<\/em> explains that because of the extra mitzva of sim\u1e25a<\/em> on Yom Tov, the Sages were not strict in requiring a third meal, as sometimes it is a burden. \u1e24ida writes that based on kabbalistic teachings, three meals serve no purpose on Yom Tov. Some advise adding a dish to the Yom Tov meal, which can be considered the third meal (one of the opinions in Kol Bo<\/em>, as cited in MA and MB ad loc<\/em>. 12). If one gets hungry toward the end of Yom Tov, it seems proper that he eat a third meal or at least have a snack, because otherwise he will suffer on the holiday.<\/p>\n

According to most poskim<\/em>, it is a mitzva to eat bread at each meal, whether because of oneg<\/em> Yom Tov<\/em> (Me\u2019iri; Ma\u1e25zor Vitri<\/em>; Responsa Rabbi Akiva Eger<\/em> \u00a71), or because of the mitzva of sim\u1e25a<\/em> (Ri; Rosh). However, according to Tosafot<\/em> (Sukka<\/em> 27a s.v. \u201ci ba\u2019i)\u201d and Rashba, there is no mitzva to eat bread or matza at Yom Tov meals, apart from the first night of Pesa\u1e25 and the first night of Sukkot. See below 2:6, and in the Har\u1e25avot<\/em> here, regarding one who forgot to say Ya\u2019aleh Ve-yavo<\/em> in Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

It is a mitzva to have two festive meals on Yom Tov, one by night and one by day. This is one of the primary expressions of the sanctity of the holiday. All the holidays are referred to in the Torah as mikra\u2019ei kodesh (sacred occasions). As the same term is used for Shabbat, in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[136],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9174","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-12-01"],"yoast_head":"\n07. 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