{"id":9209,"date":"2000-12-02T00:06:44","date_gmt":"2000-12-01T22:06:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=9209"},"modified":"2019-05-14T13:25:08","modified_gmt":"2019-05-14T10:25:08","slug":"12-02-06","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/12-02-06\/","title":{"rendered":"06. Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"

On Yom Tov, \u1e24ol Ha-mo\u2019ed<\/em>, and Rosh \u1e24odesh, the Sages ordained that the sanctity of the day be invoked in Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>, as eating on these holy days is not the same as eating during the week. It is endowed with sanctity and is a mitzva. This invocation is made through the added paragraph of Ya\u2019aleh Ve-yavo<\/em>. In it, we ask God to remember us in a good way on this special day, to have mercy upon us, and to save us. This is inserted within the berakha<\/em> of Boneh<\/em> Yerushalayim<\/em>, because it too contains a request for mercy (Berakhot<\/em> 49a; Shabbat<\/em> 24a; Tosafot<\/em> ad loc<\/em>.).<\/p>\n

Since eating bread at a Yom Tov meal is required, one who forgets to say Ya\u2019aleh Ve-yavo<\/em> during Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em> has not fulfilled his obligation and must repeat Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>. This is the custom of all Ashkenazim and some Sephardim (SA 188:6). Other Sephardim maintain that there is no requirement to eat bread at a Yom Tov meal, and therefore one who forgets Ya\u2019aleh Ve-yavo<\/em> does not repeat Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>. Only if Ya\u2019aleh Ve-yavo<\/em> was forgotten on the first nights of Pesa\u1e25 or Sukkot would one repeat Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>, because everyone agrees that at those meals matza or bread must be eaten.[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

When Yom Tov or \u1e24ol Ha-mo\u2019ed<\/em> coincide with Shabbat, Retzei<\/em> is recited before Ya\u2019aleh Ve-yavo<\/em>, because Shabbat is both holier and more frequent (SA 188:5; MB ad loc.<\/em> 13). If one mistakenly started with Ya\u2019aleh Ve-yavo<\/em>, he may complete it and then recite Retzei<\/em>, as the order in which they are said is not critical.[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

If one begins a meal on Yom Tov before shki\u2019a<\/em> and finishes it after tzeit<\/em>, he still says Ya\u2019aleh Ve-yavo<\/em> in Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>. Since he began eating during Yom Tov, he became obligated to say Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em> with the mention of the festival (Peninei Halakha: Berakhot <\/em>4:7 with n. 6; also see 4:8 there).<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[5]<\/a>. According to most Rishonim, there is an obligation to eat bread at two meals on every Yom Tov. Thus one who forgot Ya\u2019aleh Ve-yavo<\/em> must repeat Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>. This is the opinion of Rambam, Rosh, Ritva, Mordechai<\/em>, Ran, Shul\u1e25an Arukh<\/em> (188:6), Shiyarei Knesset Ha-gedola<\/em>, and many other Rishonim and A\u1e25aronim. In contrast, according to Tosafot<\/em> (Sukka<\/em> 27a) and Rashba, the obligation to eat bread is limited to the first nights of Pesa\u1e25 and Sukkot, so only then would one have to repeat Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>. However, a number of the great Sephardic A\u1e25aronim write that despite the ruling of Shul\u1e25an Arukh<\/em>, one does not repeat Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>, since, as a rule, we refrain from reciting berakhot<\/em> to dispel doubt, and mentioning the festival is only a rabbinic requirement (Ben Ish \u1e24ai<\/em>, Year 1, \u1e24ukat 21; Kaf Ha-\u1e25ayim<\/em> 188:24; Ye\u1e25aveh Da\u2019at<\/em> 5:36). Nevertheless, the custom among North Africans is to follow the ruling of Shul\u1e25an Arukh<\/em> and to repeat Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>. This is the approach of R. Yitz\u1e25ak Tayeb (Erekh Ha-shul\u1e25an<\/em> 188:3); Sho\u2019el Ve-nish\u2019al<\/em> 5, O\u1e24 83; and R. Shalom Messas (Shemesh U-magen<\/em> 1:13). This is the conclusion of Alei Hadas<\/em> 10:8 as well. This is also the Yemenite practice (Responsa Pe\u2019ulat Tzadik<\/em> 3:35).<\/p>\n

For women, even within Ashkenazic custom there is room to say that they should not repeat Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em> (except on the first night of Pesa\u1e25). There are two possible reasons. First, R. Akiva Eger maintains that women are not obligated in the mitzvot of sim\u1e25a<\/em> and having festive meals on Yom Tov. Second, some maintain that women\u2019s obligation in Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em> is only rabbinic (see Peninei Halakha: Berakhot<\/em> 4 n. 5). Nevertheless, those women who do repeat Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em> have an opinion to rely on (see Har\u1e25avot<\/em> 1:7:6).<\/p>\n

The poskim<\/em> disagree as to the status of one who is uncertain whether he recited Retzei<\/em> or Ya\u2019aleh Ve-yavo <\/em>at a meal in which a definite omission would require repeating Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>. Yabi\u2019a Omer<\/em> 7:28 follows those who maintain that in case of uncertainty one does not repeat, since mentioning the name of the festival is rabbinic, and we are lenient in cases of doubt about berakhot<\/em> or any other rabbinic rule. Furthermore, it is possible that the sanctity of the day caused the person to remember. MB 188:16 rules that he should repeat Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>, since what he most likely said is what he is used to saying, which would not include mention of the festival. This is also the ruling of Birkat Hashem<\/em> vol. 2 5:18. The bottom line seems to be that if one thinks that he forgot, he should repeat; and if he thinks he did not forget, he should not repeat. If it is 50-50, he should not repeat.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a>. This is the position of most poskim<\/em> as well as R. Zvi Yehuda Kook in Olat Re\u2019iya<\/em>; Yabi\u2019a Omer<\/em> 10:22; and Peninei Halakha: Berakhot<\/em> 4:7 in the Har\u1e25avot<\/em>. At a meal in which omitting Retzei<\/em> or Ya\u2019aleh Ve-yavo <\/em>would require repeating Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>, if he has already begun the berakha<\/em> of Ha-tov Ve-hametiv<\/em>, he must return to the beginning of Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em> and recite it correctly. It is not sufficient to return to the berakha<\/em> of Ra\u1e25em<\/em> (SA 188:6; BHL s.v. \u201cle-rosh\u201d). In contrast, if he remembers before beginning Ha-tov Ve-hametiv<\/em>, the rule is different. Whether or not it is a meal in which omitting Retzei<\/em> or Ya\u2019aleh Ve-yavo <\/em>would require repeating Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>, he should recite the compensatory blessing: \u201cBlessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, Who bestowed festivals upon Israel for celebrating and rejoicing, including this Festival of (Matzot\/Shavu\u2019ot\/Sukkot\/Shemini Atzeret). Blessed are You, God, Who sanctifies Israel and the seasons.\u201d If Yom Tov coincides with Shabbat and one forgets both Retzei<\/em> and Ya\u2019aleh Ve-yavo<\/em> but remembers before beginning Ha-tov Ve-hametiv<\/em>, he should recite: \u201cBlessed\u2026Who lovingly gave Shabbatot<\/em> to His nation Israel on which to rest as a sign and a covenant, as well as festivals for celebrating and rejoicing, including this Festival of (Matzot\/Shavu\u2019ot\/Sukkot\/Shemini Atzeret). Blessed are You, God, Who sanctifies Shabbat, Israel, and the seasons.\u201d If one does not know the compensatory blessing, he cannot simply recite Ya\u2019aleh Ve-yavo<\/em> before Ha-tov Ve-hametiv<\/em>. If it is a meal in which omission requires repeating Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>, he must go back to the beginning (Taz<\/em>; MB 188:17 and BHL ad loc<\/em>.; Peninei Halakha: Berakhot<\/em>, Har\u1e25avot<\/em> to ch. 5, p. 58).<\/p>\n

If one forgets Retzei<\/em> or Ya\u2019aleh Ve-yavo<\/em> and realizes before saying God\u2019s name at the end of the berakha <\/em>of Boneh Yerushalayim<\/em>, he should go back and recite what he left out. If he already said God\u2019s name, many say that he should conclude with the words \u201clamdeni \u1e25ukekha<\/em>\u201d (which is the usual procedure for one who mistakenly begins \u201cBlessed are You, God\u201d). If he does not do so but rather completes the berakha <\/em>of Boneh Yerushalayim<\/em>, he is obligated to add the compensatory blessing. If he already said the word \u201cboneh<\/em>,\u201d he should complete the berakha<\/em> and then recite the compensatory blessing. If he already said the word \u201cbarukh<\/em>\u201d that begins the berakha<\/em> of Ha-tov Ve-hametiv<\/em>, according to most poskim<\/em> he has lost the option of saying the compensatory blessing (MB 188:23; SHT ad loc<\/em>. 18; BHL s.v. \u201cad\u201d). Some say that if he is at a meal in which a definite omission would require repeating Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>, then as long as he has only said the beginning words of Ha-tov Ve-hametiv<\/em>, which are the same as the beginning of the compensatory berakha<\/em>, he can continue and recite the compensatory blessing (\u1e24ayei Adam<\/em>; Yabi\u2019a Omer<\/em> 6:28). All of this is explained in Peninei Halakha: Berakhot <\/em>4:8.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On Yom Tov, \u1e24ol Ha-mo\u2019ed, and Rosh \u1e24odesh, the Sages ordained that the sanctity of the day be invoked in Birkat Ha-mazon, as eating on these holy days is not the same as eating during the week. It is endowed with sanctity and is a mitzva. This invocation is made through the added paragraph of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[138],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9209","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-12-02"],"yoast_head":"\n06. 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