{"id":9233,"date":"2000-12-03T00:02:27","date_gmt":"2000-12-02T22:02:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=9233"},"modified":"2019-05-15T09:57:02","modified_gmt":"2019-05-15T06:57:02","slug":"12-03-02","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/12-03-02\/","title":{"rendered":"02. <em>Melakhot<\/em> Permitted on Yom Tov"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>On Shabbat, one may not do any <em>melakha<\/em>, as the verse explicitly states: \u201cBut the seventh day is a Shabbat of the Lord your God; you shall not do <strong>any<\/strong> <strong><em>melakha<\/em><\/strong>\u201d (Shemot 20:10). In contrast, on Yom Tov, one may do <em>melakha<\/em> involving same-day food preparation. \u201cIt shall be a sacred occasion for you. No <em>melakha<\/em> at all shall be done on them; only what every person is to eat, that alone may be prepared for you\u201d (Shemot 12:16). Similarly, we read: \u201cIt shall be a sacred occasion for you; you shall not do any <strong><em>melakha <\/em>of labor<\/strong>\u201d (Vayikra 23:7). We see that it is only <em>melakha <\/em>of labor (<strong><em>melekhet avoda<\/em><\/strong>) that one may not do, while he may do <em>melakha<\/em> that he performs daily in his home, in preparing his food (Ramban <em>ad loc<\/em>.).<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, on Yom Tov one may knead dough and bake bread and cake; he may cook meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, and all other food; animals and birds needed for the day\u2019s meals may be slaughtered; when cooking and baking, the flame or temperature may be adjusted upward or downward as necessary; and food for a meal may be carried from one <em>reshut<\/em> to another.<\/p>\n<p>However, one may not reap standing grain, harvest grapes, thresh sheaves, winnow grain to separate out rocks and chaff, mill flour, hunt animals, fowl, or fish, or press grapes into wine or olives into oil. All of these <em>melakhot<\/em> are deemed \u201c<em>melekhet avoda<\/em>\u201d and are forbidden on Yom Tov. The indication that a particular <em>melakha<\/em> is <em>melekhet avoda<\/em> is that it is generally done by hired workers, who prepare large quantities of produce to last a long time or for commercial purposes. In contrast, permitted <em>melakhot<\/em> are generally performed at home for that day\u2019s needs.<\/p>\n<p>It must be stressed that this rule \u2013 that one may not do <em>melekhet avoda <\/em>on Yom Tov \u2013 applies even if it is easy, and even if it is for immediate Yom Tov needs. For example, it is forbidden to pick even a few fruits from a tree in one\u2019s garden for a Yom Tov meal. Similarly, it is forbidden to catch fish from a private pond, even for that day\u2019s meal. Nevertheless, the Rishonim disagree as to the severity of the prohibition. Some say that if these <em>melakhot<\/em> are performed for Yom Tov needs, they are not prohibited by Torah law. Rather, the Sages prohibited them because they are likely to drag out, to the point that one may end up spending the entire day working, rendering his Yom Tov indistinguishable from a weekday; he will enjoy neither Torah study nor festive meals. Additionally, since these <em>melakhot<\/em> usually are performed for long-term needs, it is possible that if they would be permitted for immediate Yom Tov needs, people would make the mistake of engaging in them for long-term needs as well, thus transgressing a Torah prohibition (Rambam, Rosh, and Ran; SA 495:2).<sup><a href='#_te01ftn3_1' id='_te01ftnref3_1' class='aup1'>[1]<\/a><\/sup> Others maintain that such <em>melakhot<\/em> are always prohibited by Torah law, as the Torah permits only <em>melakhot<\/em> that are primarily intended to provide for that day, while it prohibits <em>melakhot<\/em> that are primarily intended to provide for the long term (Rashi, Ramban, and <em>Smag<\/em>; this opinion is also implied in <em>y.<\/em> <em>Beitza<\/em> 1:10).<\/p>\n<p>In brief, seven <em>melakhot<\/em> are permitted on Yom Tov when done as part of food preparation: 1) kneading (<em>Lash<\/em>), 2) cooking and baking (<em>Ofeh<\/em>), 3) slaughtering (<em>Sho\u1e25et<\/em>), 4) skinning (<em>Mafshit<\/em>), 5) carrying (<em>Hotza\u2019ah<\/em>), 6) lighting a fire (<em>Mav\u2019ir<\/em>), and 7) extinguishing a fire (<em>Mekhabeh<\/em>). The license to light and extinguish a flame was limited rabbinically (5:1-2 below).<\/p>\n<p>Other <em>melakhot<\/em> are permitted if done in the way they are normally done at home, and forbidden if they are done in the way they are normally done for commercial purposes or long-term needs: 1) <em>To\u1e25en<\/em> (grinding; below 4:2), 2) <em>Borer <\/em>(separating; below 4:4-5), and 3) <em>Me\u2019amer <\/em>(gathering; see SA 501:3).<\/p>\n<p>There are other food-related <em>melakhot<\/em> that are forbidden outright on Yom Tov: 1) reaping (<em>Kotzer<\/em>), 2) threshing (<em>Dash<\/em>, which also includes <em>Mefarek<\/em> [extracting] and <em>So\u1e25et <\/em>[juicing]; see below 4:1), 3) winnowing (<em>Zoreh<\/em>), and 4) trapping (<em>Tzad<\/em>). Still, some rabbinic prohibitions established to safeguard these <em>melakhot<\/em> are sometimes permitted for <em>okhel nefesh<\/em> (7:3 below).<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div>\n<a href='#_te01ftnref3_1' id='_te01ftn3_1'>[1]<\/a>. Nevertheless, in the opinion of most <em>poskim<\/em>, the <em>halakha<\/em> follows Rabba (<em>Pesa\u1e25im<\/em> 46b), who maintains that even one who cooks for the weekday is not transgressing Torah law, since the food could technically be enjoyed on Yom Tov if guests would arrive (see 8:1 below). The problem is that when harvesting an entire field, grinding a large quantity of grain, or pressing many grapes, often there is no possibility that Jews will eat it all on Yom Tov. In such a case, all agree that a Torah prohibition is involved. The severity of the transgression depends upon the type of <em>melakha<\/em> and the size of the local Jewish population.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On Shabbat, one may not do any melakha, as the verse explicitly states: \u201cBut the seventh day is a Shabbat of the Lord your God; you shall not do any melakha\u201d (Shemot 20:10). In contrast, on Yom Tov, one may do melakha involving same-day food preparation. \u201cIt shall be a sacred occasion for you. No [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[140],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-12-03"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>02. 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