{"id":9327,"date":"2000-12-08T00:04:07","date_gmt":"2000-12-07T22:04:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=9327"},"modified":"2019-05-15T11:46:42","modified_gmt":"2019-05-15T08:46:42","slug":"12-08-04","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/12-08-04\/","title":{"rendered":"04. The Local Rabbi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Although each person has a mitzva to set aside an eruv tavshilin<\/em>, there is a mitzva incumbent on the leading resident of the city \u2013 that is, the local rabbi \u2013 to set aside an eruv<\/em> for everyone in the area. His eruv<\/em> allows everyone to cook on Yom Tov for Shabbat, even if they themselves forgot to set aside an eruv<\/em> or were unable to do so. Similarly, one who does not know how to set aside an eruv<\/em> may rely upon the rabbi\u2019s eruv<\/em>. However, if one could have set aside an eruv<\/em> but chose not to do so, he may not rely on the rabbi\u2019s eruv<\/em>, since he ignored the mitzva. Similarly, if one forgot to set aside an eruv<\/em> twice in a row, he is considered to be negligent (poshe\u2019a<\/em>), and may not rely on the rabbi\u2019s eruv<\/em>. However, if one forgot once, then remembered, and then forgot again, he is not considered to be negligent. He may rely on the rabbi\u2019s eruv<\/em>.[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

In order for the eruv<\/em> to benefit everybody, it must belong to everybody. To assure this, an act of acquisition (kinyan<\/em>) must take place. This means the rabbi must give the eruv<\/em>\u2019s food to someone else, who lifts it one tefa\u1e25<\/em> with the intent to acquire it on behalf of all the city\u2019s residents (including the rabbi). Once the food belongs to all the residents, the rabbi should take the eruv<\/em> and declare: \u201cWith this eruv<\/em> it shall be permitted to us to bake, cook, light a flame, and do everything necessary on Yom Tov for the sake of Shabbat.\u201d It is preferable le-khat\u1e25ila<\/em> for the kinyan <\/em>to be effected by a respected person who is not a dependent member of the rabbi\u2019s household. Be-di\u2019avad<\/em>, the rabbi\u2019s wife may do it (SA 366:10; 527:10-11).<\/p>\n

The rabbi\u2019s eruv<\/em> is effective for everyone within te\u1e25um Shabbat<\/em>, including one who was unaware that an eruv<\/em> was being set aside for him. As long as he finds out on Yom Tov that the rabbi set aside an eruv<\/em> for all the residents, he may rely on it to cook for Shabbat. However, someone outside of the te\u1e25um<\/em> may not rely upon the eruv<\/em>, since he would not be allowed to walk over and eat it. Even if he set aside an eruv te\u1e25umin<\/em> (and could walk over), he still may not rely on the eruv tavshilin<\/em>, because it is reasonable to assume that the rabbi did not have him in mind when he set it aside (SA 527:8-9).<\/p>\n

If it is known that the local rabbi always makes sure to set aside an eruv<\/em> for everybody, one who forgot may rely upon the rabbi\u2019s eruv<\/em> without checking further, as there is a \u1e25azaka <\/em>(presumption) that he remembered to set aside the eruv<\/em>. Furthermore, if the rabbi did forget, he would make a public announcement to prevent people from transgressing by cooking for Shabbat in reliance on his eruv<\/em> (Rema 527:9).<\/p>\n

In addition to the local rabbi, any resident may set aside an eruv<\/em> for everyone in the area. Then, should the rabbi forget to do so, he can inform the rabbi and community that he set aside an eruv<\/em>, and everyone may then rely on that eruv<\/em>. The resident should make sure that someone else lifts the eruv<\/em> one tefa\u1e25<\/em> with the intent to acquire it on behalf of all the city\u2019s residents. He should also make sure to use the formulation that explicitly includes the city\u2019s residents (MB 527:32; SHT ad loc.<\/em> 31).<\/p>\n

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\n
\n[5]<\/a>. We find in Beitza<\/em> 16b that great Amora\u2019im would set aside an eruv<\/em> for all the city\u2019s residents, meaning all those within their te\u1e25um<\/em> Shabba<\/em>t. However, when someone forgot twice in a row to set aside an eruv<\/em>, Shmuel told him that that is considered negligence, and the collective eruv<\/em> does not cover him. For if the local rabbi fulfilled the obligation for those who could have set aside an eruv<\/em> but neglected to do so, then he would in effect be negating the rabbinic enactment requiring everyone to set aside an eruv<\/em> before Yom Tov, both to honor Yom Tov and to make sure that Shabbat is not forgotten (Rosh; SA 527:7). At what point is a person considered to be negligent? According to \u1e24ayei Adam<\/em> 102:7, if a person forgot more than once, by the second time he is considered negligent. In contrast, AHS 527:18 states that in our hectic times, even one who forgets twice in a row is not considered negligent. Only one who intentionally does not set aside an eruv<\/em> is excluded from relying on the local rabbi. The intermediate position is that one who forgets twice in a row is subsequently deemed negligent (Kaf Ha-\u1e25ayim<\/em> ad loc<\/em>. 48). Some Rishonim say that the local rabbi can exempt even those who know how to set aside an eruv<\/em> but prefer to rely on his. According to them, only one who intended to set aside his own eruv<\/em> and forgot twice is considered negligent the second time and is not covered by the rabbi\u2019s eruv<\/em> (Rashba; Me\u2019iri; see SHT ad loc. <\/em>37-38 and \u1e24azon Ovadia<\/em>, p. 291). In practice, since the custom is that everyone sets aside an eruv<\/em>, one who forgets twice in a row is considered negligent and may not rely on the local rabbi\u2019s eruv<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Although each person has a mitzva to set aside an eruv tavshilin, there is a mitzva incumbent on the leading resident of the city \u2013 that is, the local rabbi \u2013 to set aside an eruv for everyone in the area. His eruv allows everyone to cook on Yom Tov for Shabbat, even if they […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[145],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9327","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-12-08"],"yoast_head":"\n04. 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