{"id":9343,"date":"2000-12-09T00:06:30","date_gmt":"2000-12-08T22:06:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=9343"},"modified":"2019-05-15T12:02:00","modified_gmt":"2019-05-15T09:02:00","slug":"12-09-06","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/12-09-06\/","title":{"rendered":"06. A Resident of Israel in the Diaspora"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The Sages declared that if one leaves Eretz Yisrael for the Diaspora and plans to remain abroad, he is considered a resident of the Diaspora from the moment he arrives at a Jewish community there. From that point on, he is obligated to keep two days of Yom Tov (<em>Pesa\u1e25im<\/em> 51a; SA 496:3).<\/p>\n<p>However, if he intends to return to Eretz Yisrael, then he retains his status as a resident of Eretz Yisrael. Therefore, if he is not staying in a Jewish community (meaning he is spending Yom Tov outside the community\u2019s <em>te\u1e25um<\/em> <em>Shabbat<\/em>), he does not have to observe a second day of Yom Tov, and he may do <em>melakha<\/em> (SA 496:3).<\/p>\n<p>However, if the resident of Israel is staying in a Jewish community (or within its <em>te\u1e25um<\/em> <em>Shabbat<\/em>), he must behave as they do and make sure he is not visibly deviating from their practice (<em>Pesa\u1e25im<\/em> 50a; SA 496:3). Therefore, he is not allowed to perform <em>melakha<\/em> on Yom Tov Sheni. True, some maintain that he may do so in private (<em>Avkat Rokhel<\/em> \u00a726; <em>Yam Shel Shlomo<\/em>). However, according to most <em>poskim<\/em>, he must refrain from <em>melakha<\/em> even in private, because if he does not refrain, word is likely to get out, and this would undermine and detract from the community\u2019s Yom Tov (<em>Tosafot<\/em>; <em>Ha-ma\u2019or<\/em>; MB 496:9).<sup><a href='#_te01ftn9_6' id='_te01ftnref9_6' class='aup1'>[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>In accordance with his status as a resident of Eretz Yisrael, he should make <em>havdala <\/em>privately after the first day of Yom Tov and put on <em>tefilin<\/em> privately the next morning. To avoid being disrespectful toward his host community, he should make sure to honor Yom Tov Sheni by wearing Yom Tov clothes and lighting Yom Tov candles (without reciting a <em>berakha<\/em>). In terms of praying, it would seem simplest for him to pray alone at home, as the prayers he will be reciting will differ from those of the local congregation. They will be reciting Yom Tov prayers, while he will be reciting either <em>\u1e24ol Ha-mo\u2019ed<\/em> prayers or weekday prayers (<em>Ora\u1e25 Mishpat<\/em> \u00a7129). If he can attend part of the prayer service without its being obvious that he is not reciting the same prayers, this is preferable, as it allows him to hear <em>Kaddish<\/em> and <em>Kedusha<\/em>. If possible, it is also preferable that he recite the <em>Amida<\/em> with the congregation, while obscuring the fact that he is reciting a different <em>Amida <\/em>text.<sup><a href='#_te01ftn9_7' id='_te01ftnref9_7' class='aup1'>[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>If a resident of Israel is staying in his own apartment, he does not have to participate in a second Seder. If he is a guest of Diaspora residents, though, he should participate in their Seder but not recite the <em>berakhot<\/em> over the various <em>mitzvot<\/em> of the evening. Rather, he should simply respond \u201cAmen\u201d to his hosts\u2019 <em>berakhot<\/em> (<em>\u1e24ayei Adam<\/em> 103:4).<sup><a href='#_te01ftn9_8' id='_te01ftnref9_8' class='aup1'>[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div>\n<a href='#_te01ftnref9_6' id='_te01ftn9_6'>[6]<\/a>. According to <em>Avkat Rokhel<\/em> \u00a726, Mabit 3:149, and <em>Yam Shel Shlomo<\/em> (<em>Beitza<\/em> 1:8), the obligation to act like local community members applies only to public behavior; in the privacy of one\u2019s own room, he may be lenient and behave in his normal manner. For example, most <em>poskim<\/em> agree that residents of Eretz Yisrael are not required to set aside an <em>eruv tavshilin<\/em> to allow them to cook for Shabbat on the second day of Yom Tov. When they cook, anyone who sees them will assume that they set aside an <em>eruv<\/em> (MB 496:13). In practice, though, the opinion of the vast majority of <em>poskim<\/em> is that <em>melakha<\/em> may not be done even in private, because one who does so will eventually be discovered (Radbaz 4:4145; Maharikash; <em>Pri \u1e24adash<\/em> 468; MA 496:4; <em>Eliya Rabba<\/em> <em>ad loc<\/em>. 5; <em>Birkei Yosef<\/em> <em>ad loc.<\/em> 3; SAH <em>ad loc.<\/em> 7; MB <em>ad loc.<\/em> 9; <em>Ora\u1e25 Mishpat<\/em> \u00a7129). Contemporary <em>poskim<\/em> discuss the status of <em>muktzeh<\/em> on Yom Tov Sheni. Some are lenient in general (<em>Shevet Ha-Levi<\/em> 7:65), and others are lenient about some prohibitions (<em>Yom Tov Sheni Ke-hilkhato<\/em>, ch. 16). It seems reasonable to apply one principle across the board and to be stringent about all the prohibitions even in private. However, in a time of pressing need, one may be lenient if he is certain that no Diaspora residents will see him or that if they do see him they will assume that what he was doing is permissible. For example, if they see that the lights go on in his house, they will assume this was done by means of a timer (\u201cShabbos clock\u201d). This is the position of <em>Igrot Moshe<\/em>, O\u1e24 4:104. The rationale is that the prohibition to do <em>melakha<\/em> on the second day of Yom Tov is rabbinic in nature, so in times of pressing need one may rely on the <em>poskim<\/em> who are permissive. The reason that the consensus is to be stringent even when <em>melakha<\/em> is being undertaken in private is primarily because if people are constantly lenient about this, they will eventually be discovered. Accordingly, when we limit the permission to cases of pressing need, it is less of a concern.<\/p>\n<p>As I wrote above, the obligation to follow the practices of the Diaspora pertains when one is within the<em> te\u1e25um Shabbat<\/em> of a Jewish community. This is the approach of the <em>poskim<\/em> cited by MB 496:10. It can be inferred that they are not worried about the presence of individual Jews. It also seems that these <em>poskim <\/em>do not take into account the presence of non-observant Jews, even if there are more than ten of them, unless they are part of an organized Jewish community.<\/p>\n<p><a href='#_te01ftnref9_7' id='_te01ftn9_7'>[7]<\/a>. Rav Kook writes in <em>Ora\u1e25 Mishpat<\/em> \u00a7129 that it is preferable that one not go to the synagogue if there is a possibility that he will be given an <em>aliya<\/em>. According to R. Shlomo Zalman Auerbach, even if he can hide the fact that he is praying differently, he is not obligated to go and sit through a long holiday service. It would seem that all would agree with this. The question is: <em>le-khat\u1e25ila <\/em>is it better for him to go? Of course, if it will be difficult for him to pray differently without its being noticed, then it is preferable that he not attend. However, if he can manage to obscure the difference, many write that it is preferable that he attend in order to pray with a <em>minyan<\/em> and respond to <em>Kaddish<\/em> and <em>Kedusha<\/em> (see <em>Or Le-Tziyon<\/em> 3:21:1; <em>Si\u2019a\u1e25 Na\u1e25um<\/em> \u00a728; <em>Yom Tov Sheni Ke-hilkhato<\/em> 3:17). R. Moshe Feinstein writes that if there is a particular <em>minyan<\/em> that one always attends, and his absence would be conspicuous, he should attend the <em>minyan<\/em> and discreetly pray the weekday prayers (<em>Igrot Moshe<\/em>, O\u1e24 3:92). He should attempt to avoid being called up to the Torah, but if they do call him up, he may go. If a Kohen attends the synagogue on what is for him the day after Yom Tov, and the congregation is praying <em>Musaf<\/em>, Maharam ibn \u1e24abib says he should ascend to the <em>bima<\/em> and recite <em>Birkat Kohanim<\/em>, since it is permissible to recite the <em>berakha<\/em> multiple times on a given day. In contrast, <em>Ginat Veradim<\/em> (O\u1e24 1:13) argues that he should not ascend, since he is not praying <em>Musaf<\/em>. Rav Kook writes that the Kohen should ascend with the other Kohanim, but say the name of God inaudibly (<em>Ora\u1e25 Mishpat<\/em> \u00a7129). If he is the only Kohen present in the synagogue, he may ascend and recite the <em>berakha<\/em> (<em>Or Le-Tziyon<\/em> 3:23:2).<\/p>\n<p>Ten male residents of Eretz Yisrael may not convene a weekday <em>minyan <\/em>on Yom Tov Sheni in the Diaspora, even in a private home. Even though Jews from abroad who visit Israel generally do form <em>minyanim<\/em> for the second day (as explained below in section 9), this is because the rabbis in Israel have allowed it; in contrast, this is not the customary practice abroad. This is the approach of <em>Har Tzvi<\/em> 2:78; <em>Or Le-Tziyon<\/em> 3:23:1; R. Shlomo Zalman Auerbach and R. Shalom Yosef Elyashiv (cited in <em>Yom Tov Sheni Ke-hilkhato<\/em> ch. 3 n. 76). I have heard that there are places in the Diaspora where Israelis do have a <em>minyan<\/em> with the permission of the local rabbis, relying on the custom of Diaspora Jews visiting Israel.<\/p>\n<p><a href='#_te01ftnref9_8' id='_te01ftn9_8'>[8]<\/a>. Some maintain that even if he does not have a separate room, if he can avoid sitting with them he should (R. Shlomo Zalman Auerbach and R. Shalom Yosef Elyashiv, as cited in <em>Yom Tov Sheni Ke-hilkhato<\/em> ch. 3, n. 84). <em>Or Le-Tziyon<\/em> 3:23:1 states that according to Sephardic practice, one should not participate in a second Seder. This is left as a matter of choice.<\/p>\n<p>Since the accepted ruling is that one should not do <em>melakha<\/em> even privately, of course he may not eat <em>\u1e25ametz<\/em> on the eighth day of Pesa\u1e25, which is Yom Tov Sheni in the Diaspora (AHS 496:5).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Sages declared that if one leaves Eretz Yisrael for the Diaspora and plans to remain abroad, he is considered a resident of the Diaspora from the moment he arrives at a Jewish community there. From that point on, he is obligated to keep two days of Yom Tov (Pesa\u1e25im 51a; SA 496:3). However, if [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[146],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9343","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-12-09"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>06. A Resident of Israel in the Diaspora - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/12-09-06\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"06. 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