{"id":9466,"date":"2000-12-14T00:00:52","date_gmt":"2000-12-13T22:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/?p=9466"},"modified":"2019-05-15T13:40:19","modified_gmt":"2019-05-15T10:40:19","slug":"12-glossary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/12-glossary\/","title":{"rendered":"Glossary"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
A\u1e25aronim<\/td>\nhalakhic authorities from c. 1500 CE until the present day<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
aliya <\/em>(pl. aliyot<\/em>)<\/td>\nthe calling of a congregant up to the Torah scroll as a section of it is read aloud<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
alot ha-sha\u1e25ar<\/em><\/td>\ndawn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ama <\/em>(pl. amot<\/em>)<\/td>\na cubit; a standard halakhic measure of distance equaling c. 45 cm and approximating the distance from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow of the average adult male<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Amida<\/em><\/td>\n\u201cThe Standing Prayer\u201d; also called the Shemoneh Esrei<\/em>; the central prayer of each service, in which the worshiper stands as though in God\u2019s presence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Amora\u2019im<\/td>\nsages of the Gemara (c. 200-500 CE)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ashkenaz<\/td>\na geographical region in the German Rhineland where the traditions that eventually became characteristic of European (Ashkenazic) Jewry coalesced in the Middle Ages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ata \u1e24onantanu<\/em><\/td>\nprayer added to the Amida <\/em>of Ma\u2019ariv <\/em>of Motza\u2019ei Shabbat<\/em> that serves as a form of havdala<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
be-di’avad<\/em><\/td>\na level of performance that ex post facto <\/em>satisfies an obligation in a less-than-ideal manner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
bein ha-shmashot<\/em><\/td>\nthe time between sunset and the emergence of stars, when it is not clear whether it is night or day<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
beit din <\/em>(pl. batei din<\/em>)<\/td>\nrabbinical court<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
beit knesset<\/em><\/td>\nsynagogue<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
beit midrash <\/em>(pl. batei midrash<\/em>)<\/td>\nTorah study hall<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
beraita<\/em><\/td>\na tannaitic statement not included in the Mishna<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
berakha<\/em><\/td>\na formal blessing recited before eating or performing a mitzva, and on other occasions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
berakha a\u1e25arona <\/em><\/td>\na blessing recited after eating or drinking<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em><\/td>\nknown as the “grace after meals”; the berakha a\u1e25arona<\/em> consisting of four berakhot <\/em>recited after a bread-based meal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Birkat Kohanim<\/em><\/td>\nthe three verses (Bamidbar 6:23-25) by which the Kohanim channel God’s blessing to the Jewish people<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Birkhot Ha-sha\u1e25ar<\/em><\/td>\na series of berakhot<\/em> recited each morning, praising God for meeting our most basic needs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Birkhot Ha-Torah<\/em><\/td>\nthe blessings recited prior to the first Torah study of the morning and upon being called up to the Torah<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bishul<\/em><\/td>\nthe melakha <\/em>of cooking<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Boneh<\/em><\/td>\nthe melakha <\/em>of building<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Boneh Yerushalayim<\/em><\/td>\nthe third berakha <\/em>of Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>, whose theme is the rebuilding of Jerusalem and the Temple; also known as \u201cRa\u1e25em<\/em>\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Borer<\/em><\/td>\nthe melakha <\/em>of separating<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
brit <\/em>(mila<\/em>)<\/td>\nthe ritual circumcision (mila<\/em>) performed on the eighth day of a Jewish boy’s life, when he enters into Israel’s covenant (brit<\/em>) with God<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dash<\/em><\/td>\nthe melakha<\/em> of threshing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
davar ha-aved<\/em><\/td>\nsomething will result in a loss if not acted on quickly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
davar she-eino mitkaven<\/em><\/td>\nan intentional action on Shabbat or Yom Tov that results (though not inevitably; see psik reisha<\/em>) in unintended desecration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
derekh akhila<\/em><\/td>\nthe normal way to eat; the halakha <\/em>is often lenient when one performs a melakha <\/em>in this way<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
divrei kabbala<\/em><\/td>\ncommandments ordained by the prophets; an intermediate category between Torah law and rabbinic law<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
drasha<\/em> (pl. derashot<\/em>)<\/td>\na communal sermon or homily given on Shabbat or Yom Tov, usually delivered by the rabbi to his congregation and dealing with halakhic and theological matters<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Elokai Neshama<\/em><\/td>\none of the morning blessings, thanking God for restoring the soul to the body after slumber<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Eretz Yisrael<\/td>\nthe Land of Israel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
erev<\/em><\/td>\n\u201cthe eve of\u201d; the day before (Shabbat, Yom Tov, etc.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
eruv \u1e25atzerot<\/em><\/td>\na physical boundary that can transform a reshut ha-rabim <\/em>into a reshut ha-ya\u1e25id<\/em>, allowing people to carry items within that area on Shabbat, as well as to carry items from another domain into that area, and vice versa; alternatively, the communal food that is set aside to join all homes and yards within the area, allowing it to be considered one reshut ha-ya\u1e25id<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
eruv tavshilin<\/em><\/td>\na mechanism through which one can prepare food for Shabbat on Yom Tov when the latter coincides with Friday<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
eruv te\u1e25umin<\/em><\/td>\na means of establishing one\u2019s te\u1e25um<\/em> Shabbat <\/em>before Shabbat begins, so that it includes a desired location that was previously beyond his te\u1e25um<\/em>; alternatively, the food that can be set aside at the place where one wants to establish his mekom shevita<\/em> for this purpose<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ge\u2019onim (sing. Gaon)<\/td>\nthe leaders of the Babylonian yeshivot<\/em> and authoritative interpreters of the Bavli during the latter part of the first millennium CE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gemara<\/td>\nthe part of the Talmud that interprets and expands upon the Mishna; compiled during the third-sixth centuries CE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gozez<\/em><\/td>\nthe melakha<\/em> of shearing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
haftara<\/em><\/td>\na selection from the books of Nevi\u2019im<\/em>\u00a0(Prophets) that is publicly read in synagogues on Shabbat, festivals, and fast days<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ha-gafen<\/em><\/td>\nthe berakha<\/em> recited over wine and grape juice<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
hagala<\/em><\/td>\nimmersion in boiling water to purge a vessel from substances it has absorbed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
halakha <\/em>(pl. halakhot<\/em>)<\/td>\nthe collective body of\u00a0Jewish law; an individual Jewish law<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u1e25alla<\/em><\/td>\nthe mitzva to give a part of a large batch of dough to a\u00a0Kohen<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hallel<\/em><\/td>\nchapters 113-118 of Tehilim, all of which are thanksgiving psalms, recited on Jewish holidays<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ha-ma\u2019avir Sheina<\/em><\/td>\nthe last of the morning blessings, thanking God for removing slumber<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ha-mavdil Bein Kodesh Le-\u1e25ol <\/em>or Le-kodesh<\/em><\/td>\nthe main berakha <\/em>of havdala<\/em>, commemorating the end of Shabbat or Yom Tov and the distinction between the sacred and the profane (\u201cle-kodesh<\/em>\u201d is used when Shabbat leads into Yom Tov)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u1e25ametz<\/em><\/td>\ncereal grain that leavened, forbidden on Pesa\u1e25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ha-motzi<\/em><\/td>\nthe berakha<\/em> over bread<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ha-tov Ve-hametiv<\/em><\/td>\n\u201cWho is good and bestows good\u201d; a special berakha <\/em>recited when something very fortunate happens; also refers to the fourth and final berakha <\/em>of Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
havdala<\/em><\/td>\nthe series of berakhot<\/em> that marks the end of Shabbat and festivals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u1e25azan<\/em><\/td>\nthe person leading the congregation in prayer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u1e24azarat Ha-shatz<\/em><\/td>\nthe \u1e25azan<\/em>‘s repetition of the Amida <\/em>aloud<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u1e25inukh<\/em><\/td>\neducation, training<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u1e24ol Ha-mo\u2019ed <\/em><\/td>\nthe intermediate days of Sukkot and Pesa\u1e25, on which certain weekday activities are permitted<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hotza\u2019ah<\/em><\/td>\nthe melakha<\/em> of carrying from one domain to another<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u1e24ovel<\/em><\/td>\nwounding or causing a loss of blood; a tolada <\/em>of Sho\u1e25et<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u1e25utz la-aretz<\/em><\/td>\ncountries outside of Eretz Yisrael<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kabbala<\/td>\nthe Jewish esoteric and mystical tradition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaddish<\/em><\/td>\na hymn of praises to God whose central theme is the magnification and sanctification of God\u2019s name<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
karet<\/em><\/td>\nextirpation or excision, the most severe biblical punishment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
karmelit<\/em><\/td>\na domain where carrying on Shabbat is rabbinically forbidden<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kebeitza<\/em><\/td>\nan egg\u2019s bulk; a standard halakhic measure of volume or weight, equivalent to 55 cc (according to R. \u1e24ayim Naeh)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kedusha<\/em><\/td>\na responsive prayer of three verses recited in the third berakha <\/em>of \u1e24azarat Ha-shatz<\/em>, praising God as the ministering angels do and therefore requiring a minyan<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kevod ha-met<\/em><\/td>\ndignified treatment of the dead<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kezayit <\/em>(pl. kezeytim<\/em>)<\/td>\nan olive\u2019s bulk, a standard halakhic measure of volume or weight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kiddush<\/em><\/td>\nthe invocation of the sanctity of a holy day with blessings over a cup of wine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kli <\/em>(pl. kelim<\/em>)<\/td>\na vessel, container, implement, or utensil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kli she-melakhto le-isur<\/em><\/td>\nan object whose primary function is prohibited, and which thus may only be moved on Shabbat for a permissible activity or to use the space the object is occupying<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kohen (pl. Kohanim)<\/td>\na Jewish priest, descendant of Aaron, charged with performing the Temple rites and benefiting from certain privileges<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
korban <\/em>(pl. korbanot<\/em>)<\/td>\na sacrificial offering<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
korban Pesa\u1e25<\/em><\/td>\nthe Paschal offering<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Korbanot<\/em><\/td>\nthe part of the prayer service in which paragraphs about the Temple korbanot <\/em>are recited<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
le\u1e25em mishneh<\/em><\/td>\nthe two whole loaves of bread\/matza over which the berakha <\/em>of ha-motzi<\/em> is recited at Shabbat and Yom Tov meals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
le-khat\u1e25ila<\/em><\/td>\nab initio<\/em>; a level of performance that satisfies an obligation in an ideal manner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
libun<\/em><\/td>\nheating a vessel by fire to the point that absorbed taste is incinerated<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
lulav<\/em><\/td>\na closed palm frond, one of the four species used during the holiday of Sukkot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ma\u2019ariv <\/em><\/td>\nevening prayers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ma\u2019aser<\/em><\/td>\nany of several tithes that must be allocated<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ma\u2019aser behema<\/em><\/td>\ntithe of animals in one\u2019s flock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ma\u2019aser sheni<\/em><\/td>\nthe second tithe, which must be eaten or redeemed for money to be spent on food in Jerusalem<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
maftir<\/em><\/td>\nthe person who reads the haftara<\/em>, or at least recites the blessing on the haftara<\/em>; alternatively, the aliya<\/em> following the seven mandated aliyot<\/em> that is given to the person who will read the haftara<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
makhshirei okhel nefesh<\/em><\/td>\nutensils and implements used in the preparation and service of food<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
marbeh be-shi\u2019urim<\/em><\/td>\n\u201cincrease quantities\u201d; the principle that one may increase the quantity of food being cooked on Yom Tov, even for the purpose of having leftovers, because it requires no extra effort<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Matan Torah<\/em><\/td>\nthe giving of the Torah by God to Moshe at Mount Sinai<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
matza<\/td>\nunleavened\u00a0bread eaten by Jews on Pesa\u1e25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mav\u2019ir<\/em><\/td>\nthe melakha<\/em> of lighting a fire<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mefarek<\/em><\/td>\nextracting; a tolada <\/em>of Dash<\/em> that involves removing one thing from another thing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
megilla <\/em>(pl. megillot<\/em>)<\/td>\na \u201cscroll\u201d; the five books of Ketuvim<\/em> that are read on holidays and festivals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Me\u1e25atekh<\/em><\/td>\nthe melakha<\/em> of cutting<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mekhabeh<\/em><\/td>\nthe melakha<\/em> of extinguishing a fire<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mekom shevita<\/em><\/td>\nlit. \u201cresting place\u201d; the place where one is spending Shabbat, which acts as the center of one\u2019s te\u0125um Shabbat<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
melakha <\/em>(pl. melakhot<\/em>)<\/td>\nproductive work of the type prohibited on Shabbat and Yom Tov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
melakha she-eina tzerikha le-gufah<\/em><\/td>\na melakha<\/em> that is done intentionally, but not for the sake of the object upon which it is performed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
melekhet avoda<\/em><\/td>\nmelakha <\/em>that is related to general labor (as opposed to melakha <\/em>done in food preparation, melekhet okhel nefesh<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mema\u1e25ek<\/em><\/td>\nthe melakha <\/em>of smoothing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Memare\u2019a\u1e25<\/em><\/td>\nspreading a substance evenly upon an object; a tolada <\/em>of Mema\u1e25ek<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mezuza<\/em><\/td>\nthe doorpost, or the parchment inscribed with specific paragraphs from the Torah that must be affixed to the doorpost of Jewish homes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mikveh<\/em><\/td>\na ritual immersion pool<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Min\u1e25a<\/em><\/td>\nthe afternoon prayers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Min\u1e25a<\/em> ketana<\/em><\/td>\n2.5 seasonal hours before sunset<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
minyan<\/em><\/td>\na quorum of ten adult Jewish males required for certain religious obligations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mishna<\/td>\nthe earliest authoritative work of rabbinic literature consisting of legal statements and disputes arranged in 63 tractates and 6 orders, compiled in the third century CE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mitzva (pl. mitzvot<\/em>)<\/td>\ncommandment, precept<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mo\u1e25ek<\/em><\/td>\nthe melakha<\/em> of erasing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
molad<\/em><\/td>\nthe moment of \u201cbirth\u201d of the new moon, when it begins waxing once again<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molid<\/em><\/td>\ncreating a new entity on Shabbat or Yom Tov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Motza’ei Shabbat<\/em><\/td>\nSaturday night after Shabbat ends and weekday activities are resumed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
muktzeh<\/em><\/td>\nthe prohibition on Shabbat on moving any item that has no purpose on Shabbat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
muktzeh me\u1e25amat gufo<\/em><\/td>\nmuktzeh <\/em>as a result of itself; items that have no use on Shabbat inherently<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
muktzeh me\u1e25amat \u1e25esron kis<\/em><\/td>\nmuktzeh <\/em>as a result of monetary loss; items that have no use on Shabbat or Yom Tov because they are valuable and one does not want them to break or become ruined<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Musaf<\/em><\/td>\nthe additional service recited on Shabbat, Yom Tov, \u1e24ol Ha-mo\u2019ed<\/em>, and Rosh \u1e24odesh, days on which the korban musaf<\/em> was offered in Temple times<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
nasi <\/em>(pl. nesi\u2019im<\/em>)<\/td>\ntribal princes of Israel; a generic term for a leader<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
neshama yeteira<\/em><\/td>\nlit. \u201cexpanded soul\u201d; the special connection between a Jew and God on Shabbat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
netilat<\/em> yadayim<\/em><\/td>\nritual hand washing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nisan<\/td>\nthe first month of the Jewish year<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nishmat<\/em><\/td>\nprayer of wondrous praise added on Shabbat and Yom Tov to the end of Pesukei De-zimra<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ofeh<\/em><\/td>\nthe melakha<\/em> of cooking\/baking<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
okhel nefesh<\/em><\/td>\nlit. \u201cfood of life\u201d; food prepared on Yom Tov for the needs of that day<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
olat re\u2019iya <\/em><\/td>\na burnt offering sacrificed in honor of one of the three pilgrimage festivals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
omer<\/em><\/td>\na biblical measure of grain and an offering brought in the Temple on the second day of Pesa\u1e25; the count from that day until Shavu’ot is known as the counting of the omer<\/em>, or Sefirat Ha-omer<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
oneg Shabbat<\/em><\/td>\nthe mitzva to make Shabbat a delight by experiencing pleasure and avoiding discomfort and suffering<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
parsha <\/em>(pl. parshiyot<\/em>)<\/td>\na passage from the Torah; the weekly Torah portion that is read at the synagogue each Shabbat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pesa\u1e25<\/td>\nPassover; the Jewish springtime holiday that celebrates Israel\u2019s liberation from Egyptian bondage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pesukei De-zimra<\/em><\/td>\nthe psalms of praise recited prior to Sha\u1e25arit<\/em> which prepare one for the Amida<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pidyon ha-ben<\/em><\/td>\na mitzva in which a Jewish firstborn son is redeemed from a Kohen with five silver coins<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
posek <\/em>(pl. poskim<\/em>)<\/td>\na halakhic decisor or authority<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
psik reisha<\/em><\/td>\nan intentional action on Shabbat or Yom Tov \u00a0that inevitably results in unintended desecration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
psik reisha de-lo ni\u1e25a lei<\/em><\/td>\nan intentional action on Shabbat or Yom Tov resulting in unintended desecration that, while inevitable, is undesired<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
psolet<\/em><\/td>\nlit. \u201cwaste matter\u201d; in the context of the melakha <\/em>of Borer<\/em>, the undesired part of a mixture<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ra\u1e25em<\/em><\/td>\n\u201cHave compassion\u201d; the third berakha <\/em>of Birkat Ha-mazon<\/em>, also known as Boneh Yerushalayim<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
reshut<\/em><\/td>\ndomain, for the purposes of the laws of Hotza\u2019ah <\/em>on Shabbat and Yom Tov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
reshut ha-rabim<\/em><\/td>\npublic domain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
reshut ha-ya\u1e25id<\/em><\/td>\nprivate domain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Responsa<\/td>\na genre of rabbinic literature that consists of rabbinic responses to halakhic queries<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Retzei <\/em>(Ve-ha\u1e25alitzenu<\/em>)<\/td>\nthe passage that is inserted into Birkat Ha-mazon <\/em>on Shabbat during the third berakha<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
revi’it<\/em><\/td>\na liquid measure equal to a quarter of a log<\/em>, calculated by most to be c. 75 ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rishonim<\/td>\nJewish sages and halakhic authorities from the medieval era (roughly 1000-1500 CE)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rosh \u1e24odesh<\/td>\nthe new moon; the one- or two-day minor holiday that marks the beginning of each Hebrew month<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
se\u2019ah<\/em><\/td>\na unit of volume; 40 se\u2019ah<\/em> is equivalent to one ama<\/em> by one ama<\/em> by three amot<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
se\u2019uda shlishit<\/em><\/td>\nthe obligatory third Shabbat meal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
se\u2019udat<\/em> mitzva<\/em><\/td>\na\u00a0festive meal celebrating the fulfillment of a\u00a0mitzva<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Seder<\/td>\nthe banquet on the first night of Pesa\u1e25 that includes several special recitations, customs, and mitzvot<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sefirat Ha-omer<\/em><\/td>\nthe mitzva of counting the days from the second day of Pesa\u1e25 until Shavu\u2019ot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Se\u1e25ita<\/em><\/td>\nsqueezing or wringing; a tolada <\/em>of Dash<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
semikha<\/em><\/td>\nthe authority to adjudicate Torah law, conferred in an unbroken chain from Moshe; nowadays, in the absence of the original semikha<\/em>, it refers to rabbinical ordination generally<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shabbatot<\/em><\/td>\nplural of Shabbat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sha\u1e25arit<\/em><\/td>\nthe morning prayers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shalmei<\/em> \u1e25agiga <\/em><\/td>\npeace offerings sacrificed at each of the three pilgrimage festivals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shalmei sim\u1e25a<\/em><\/td>\npeace offerings sacrificed for the purpose of increasing festival joy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
She-he\u1e25eyanu<\/em><\/td>\n“Who has given us life”; a berakha<\/em> recited at specific significant occasions<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shekhina<\/em><\/td>\nthe\u00a0Divine Presence in this world<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shema<\/em><\/td>\nthe three Torah paragraphs (or the first of the three paragraphs) whose recitation is a centerpiece of the morning and evening prayers; its opening verse is the Jewish credo: “Hear, O Israel: the Lord\u00a0is our God, the Lord\u00a0is one”<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sheva Berakhot<\/em><\/td>\nthe seven blessings recited at a wedding ceremony and at the conclusion of a meal held in honor of the bride and groom during their first week of marriage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shevita <\/em><\/td>\ncessation of work; the most basic expression of the nature of Shabbat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shi\u2019ur<\/em><\/td>\na standard halakhic measurement for weight, distance, or volume<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shinui<\/em><\/td>\nperforming a melakha <\/em>on Shabbat or Yom Tov in an irregular manner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shiva<\/em><\/td>\nthe weeklong\u00a0mourning\u00a0period for close relatives, during which visitors bring solace and comfort to the homebound mourners<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shki\u2019a<\/em><\/td>\nshorthand for shki\u2019at ha-\u1e25ama<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shki\u2019at ha-\u1e25ama<\/em><\/td>\nsunset, when Shabbat and Jewish holidays begin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shofar<\/td>\na musical instrument made of a horn, traditionally that of a ram, blown as part of the Rosh Ha-shana ritual as well as other rituals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shvut<\/em><\/td>\nrabbinic prohibition on Shabbat or Yom Tov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shvut di-shvut<\/em><\/td>\ndouble rabbinic prohibition, which may be transgressed in certain circumstances<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
siddur<\/em><\/td>\na Jewish prayer book<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sim\u1e25a<\/em><\/td>\njoy, a mitzva to experience on Yom Tov and possibly on Shabbat as well; compare to oneg<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sukka <\/em>(pl. sukkot<\/em>)<\/td>\na temporary hut constructed for use during the weeklong festival of Sukkot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ta\u1e25anun<\/em><\/td>\n“Supplication”; the heartbreaking prayers recited after the Amida <\/em>of Sha\u1e25arit <\/em>and Min\u1e25a<\/em>, omitted on festive occasions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
talit<\/em><\/td>\nthe four-cornered prayer shawl, fringed by tzitzit<\/em>, traditionally worn by Jewish men during prayer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
talit katan<\/em><\/td>\na four-cornered garment, fringed by tzitzit<\/em>, traditionally worn by Jewish males under (and, among some groups, over) their clothing\u00a0<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tanna (pl. Tanna\u2019im)<\/td>\na rabbinic authority in Eretz Yisrael during the early centuries of the Common Era<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tefa\u1e25 <\/em>(pl. tefa\u1e25im<\/em>)<\/td>\na handbreadth; a halakhic measurement equal to c. 8 cm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tefilin<\/em><\/td>\nphylacteries; black leather boxes and straps containing parchment scrolls, worn during weekday morning prayers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
te\u1e25um <\/em>(Shabbat<\/em>)<\/td>\nboundary surrounding one\u2019s mekom shevita<\/em>, beyond which one may not travel on Shabbat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
teruma <\/em>(pl. terumot<\/em>)<\/td>\na tithe of c. 2% of produce, given to Kohanim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
To\u1e25en<\/em><\/td>\nthe melakha<\/em> of grinding or pulverizing, such as the grinding of wheat to make flour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tolada<\/em> (pl. toladot<\/em>)<\/td>\na derivative of the major melakhot<\/em> on Shabbat, like juicing (So\u1e25et<\/em>) is a derivative of Dash <\/em>(threshing)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tosefet<\/em><\/td>\nthe time added before and\/or after Shabbat or Yom Tov to fulfill the mitzva of extending the holy days into the week<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tzeit<\/em><\/td>\nshorthand for tzeit ha-kokhavim<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tzeit ha-kokhavim<\/em><\/td>\nthe appearance of three distinct stars, marking nightfall for various halakhic purposes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tzitzit<\/em><\/td>\nthe specially tied fringes worn on the corners of four-cornered garments; often used interchangeably with the term \u201ctalit katan<\/em>\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
uvdin de-\u1e25ol<\/em><\/td>\nweekday activities, generally prohibited on Shabbat and Yom Tov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ya\u2019aleh Ve-yavo<\/em><\/td>\nthe paragraph inserted into the Amida <\/em>and Birkat Ha-mazon <\/em>of festivals on which Musaf<\/em> is recited<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
yad<\/em> soledet bo<\/em><\/td>\nhot enough to cause the hand to recoil, somewhere between 45\u00baC and 71\u00baC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
yeshiva (pl. yeshivot<\/em>)<\/td>\na school that is dedicated to Torah study; its students often live in dormitories<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yom Kippur<\/td>\nthe \u201cDay of Atonement\u201d; the fast day that is considered the holiest day of the Jewish year<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yom Tov<\/td>\nthe festivals of biblical origin during which\u00a0melakha<\/em>\u00a0is prohibited<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yom Tov Sheni Shel Galuyot <\/em><\/td>\nthe extra day of Yom Tov observed in the Diaspora<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A\u1e25aronim halakhic authorities from c. 1500 CE until the present day aliya (pl. aliyot) the calling of a congregant up to the Torah scroll as a section of it is read aloud alot ha-sha\u1e25ar dawn ama (pl. amot) a cubit; a standard halakhic measure of distance equaling c. 45 cm and approximating the distance from […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[151],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-12-14"],"yoast_head":"\nGlossary - Peninei Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/en\/12-glossary\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Glossary - 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