{"id":5545,"date":"2018-04-07T00:08:14","date_gmt":"2018-04-06T21:08:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/es\/?p=5545"},"modified":"2025-05-18T11:58:52","modified_gmt":"2025-05-18T08:58:52","slug":"17-07-08","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/es\/17-07-08\/","title":{"rendered":"08- El primer diezmo (<em>ma&#8217;aser rish\u00f3n<\/em>)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Es precepto de la Tor\u00e1 entregar el primer diezmo al lev\u00ed y no al cohen. Dado que los cohanim son tambi\u00e9n miembro de la tribu de Lev\u00ed, cuando poseen frutos que son &#8216;tevel&#8217; (o sea, de las que no se separaron diezmos ni ofrendas) tras separar el &#8216;primer diezmo&#8217; (<em>ma&#8217;aser rish\u00f3n<\/em>) se lo quedan y separan de este para s\u00ed la &#8216;ofrenda del diezmo&#8217; (<em>terumat ma&#8217;aser<\/em>). Por su parte, cuando un israelita posee frutos, debe entregar forzosamente el primer diezmo a un lev\u00ed (seg\u00fan la opini\u00f3n de Rab\u00ed Akiva en el Tratado de Yevamot 86(A)y(B), Talmud Jerosolimitano Tratado de Ma&#8217;aser Shen\u00ed 5:3, Ramb\u00e1m Hiljot Ma&#8217;aser 1:1).<\/p>\n<p>A inicios de la era del Segundo Templo Ezra solicit\u00f3 a los levi\u00edm que ascendieran a la tierra de Israel, pero solamente unos pocos de estos lo hicieron, menos de una d\u00e9cima parte del n\u00famero de cohanim y menos de un uno por ciento del total de los jud\u00edos que retornaron a Sion. Entonces, Ezra mult\u00f3 a los levi\u00edm al decretar que no fuera necesario entregarles la totalidad del primer diezmo que es aproximadamente un 9% de lo producido, ya que el ma&#8217;aser les es entregado en virtud de su labor, tal como fue dicho (Bamidbar-N\u00fameros 18:21): \u00a0<em>\u00abY a los hijos de Lev\u00ed Yo he dado todo diezmo de Israel por heredad, a cambio de su servicio\u00bb<\/em> y no para transformarlos en personas ricas.<\/p>\n<p>Por lo tanto, se estableci\u00f3 que el diezmo pudiera entregarse tambi\u00e9n a los cohanim as\u00ed como al resto de las necesidades que el Tribunal (Beit Din) fijara. El Beit Din pod\u00eda establecer una multa semejante en virtud de que el primer diezmo es un bien que carece de santidad, y, por ende, el Tribunal pod\u00eda confisc\u00e1rselo a los levi\u00edm y entreg\u00e1rselo a quien considerase oportuno. En el Talmud Jerosolimitano (Tratado de Ma&#8217;aser Shen\u00ed 5:5) se explica que en un inicio se estableci\u00f3 que se trajera el diezmo a los dep\u00f3sitos del Templo. Un tercio se entregaba a los cohanim y a los levi\u00edm que se encontraban en Jerusal\u00e9m, un tercio se dejaba en los almacenes para las necesidades de los habitantes de la ciudad y otro tercio se repart\u00eda entre las personas necesitadas y entre los estudiosos de entre sus residentes.<\/p>\n<p>Aparentemente, en la medida en que la poblaci\u00f3n jud\u00eda aument\u00f3 se volvi\u00f3 a repartir el primer diezmo en todos los confines del pa\u00eds, pero en virtud de la multa, en vez de entregarlo \u00edntegramente a los levi\u00edm se otorgaba tambi\u00e9n una parte a los cohanim (Tratado de Yevamot 86(B), seg\u00fan Tosafot, Rosh y otros).<\/p>\n<p>Hay juristas que sostienen que la multa qued\u00f3 sin efecto tras la destrucci\u00f3n del Segundo Templo, y desde entonces, el primer diezmo debe ser entregado directamente a los levi\u00edm, y es correcto proceder de esta manera (Beit Yosef y Shulj\u00e1n Aruj Yor\u00e9 De&#8217;\u00e1 331, seg\u00fan Ramb\u00e1m Hiljot Ma&#8217;aser 1:4).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Es precepto de la Tor\u00e1 entregar el primer diezmo al lev\u00ed y no al cohen. Dado que los cohanim son tambi\u00e9n miembro de la tribu de Lev\u00ed, cuando poseen frutos que son &#8216;tevel&#8217; (o sea, de las que no se separaron diezmos ni ofrendas) tras separar el &#8216;primer diezmo&#8217; (ma&#8217;aser rish\u00f3n) se lo quedan y [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[235],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-17-07"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>08- El primer diezmo (ma&#039;aser rish\u00f3n) - Pninei Halaj\u00e1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/es\/17-07-08\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"08- El primer diezmo (ma&#039;aser rish\u00f3n) - Pninei Halaj\u00e1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Es precepto de la Tor\u00e1 entregar el primer diezmo al lev\u00ed y no al cohen. 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