{"id":695,"date":"2016-09-08T01:00:59","date_gmt":"2016-09-07T22:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/es\/?p=695"},"modified":"2016-09-29T23:33:01","modified_gmt":"2016-09-29T20:33:01","slug":"15-08-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/es\/15-08-01\/","title":{"rendered":"01 &#8211; El precepto de ayunar."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Es preceptivo ayunar en Yom Kipur tal como est\u00e1 escrito (Vaikr\u00e1-Lev\u00edtico 16:29-31): \u00abY esta ser\u00e1 ley eterna para vosotros: el d\u00eda diez del mes s\u00e9ptimo afligir\u00e9is vuestras almas (ayunar\u00e9is), no har\u00e9is labor alguna, ni el nativo ni el extranjero que morare entre vosotros, por cuanto ese d\u00eda\u00a0 har\u00e1 expiaci\u00f3n por vosotros, para purificaros de todos vuestros pecados; ante el Eterno os purificareis. Ser\u00e1 un d\u00eda de estricto descanso para vosotros y en \u00e9l ayunareis. Es ley perpetua\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Quien trasgrede y no ayuna, am\u00e9n de haber dejado de cumplir un precepto positivo, transgrede tambi\u00e9n una prohibici\u00f3n. Si bien el precepto de afligirse se cumple principalmente mediante la abstenci\u00f3n de comida y bebida que son la base del sustento humano, se cumple tambi\u00e9n mediante cuatro prohibiciones suplementarias tal como se ver\u00e1 en el pr\u00f3ximo cap\u00edtulo.<\/p>\n<p>El precepto de ayunar implica no ingerir ni beber absolutamente nada, y todo aquel que ingiere o bebe algo trasgrede la prohibici\u00f3n de la Tor\u00e1. Si comi\u00f3 intencionalmente el equivalente al volumen de un d\u00e1til grande (\u00abkotevet gas\u00e1\u00bb) o bebi\u00f3 un sorbo completo (\u00abmel\u00f3 logmav\u00bb) es castigado con \u00abCaret\u00bb, tal como est\u00e1 escrito (Vaikr\u00e1 23:29): \u00abQuien no ayunare ese d\u00eda ser\u00e1 truncado de en medio de su pueblo\u00bb. Si la persona trasgredi\u00f3 involuntariamente, debe traer al Templo como ofrenda un sacrificio de \u00abJat\u00e1t\u00bb. De aqu\u00ed aprendemos que el castigo se aplica \u00fanicamente si la ingesti\u00f3n de alimentos o bebidas excedieron una cantidad que es suficiente para que una persona se reponga parcial y moment\u00e1neamente y por lo tanto sea considerado como quien no se aflige. Las medidas de ingesti\u00f3n antes mencionadas, que se considera reponen parcialmente a la persona, son una tradici\u00f3n hal\u00e1jica que se remonta a lo recibido por Mosh\u00e9 en el Monte Sinai. De todas maneras, quien ingiere una cantidad menor a estas igualmente quebranta una prohibici\u00f3n de la Tor\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Quien ingiere un alimento no apto para su consumo como hojas o ramas de \u00e1rboles, un condimento sumamente fuerte o un potaje que se ech\u00f3 a perder, no trasgrede la prohibici\u00f3n de la Tor\u00e1 pues lo que comi\u00f3 no es normal que sea consumido. Asimismo, quien bebe un l\u00edquido no apto para su consumo por ser extremadamente \u00e1cido o haberse echado a perder, tampoco trasgrede la prohibici\u00f3n de la Tor\u00e1 (<em>Shulj\u00e1n Aruj<\/em> 612:6-8, Ram\u00e1 9). Sin embargo, de acuerdo a lo dispuesto por nuestros sabios est\u00e1 prohibido comerlos, ya que el hecho de que la persona decidi\u00f3 ingerirlos los trasforma en aptos para su consumo y por lo tanto entra en el \u00e1mbito de la prohibici\u00f3n (incluso, a priori es menester tener cuidado de no ingerir siquiera la mitad de los m\u00ednimos dispuestos, <em>Mishn\u00e1 Berur\u00e1<\/em> 15).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Es preceptivo ayunar en Yom Kipur tal como est\u00e1 escrito (Vaikr\u00e1-Lev\u00edtico 16:29-31): \u00abY esta ser\u00e1 ley eterna para vosotros: el d\u00eda diez del mes s\u00e9ptimo afligir\u00e9is vuestras almas (ayunar\u00e9is), no har\u00e9is labor alguna, ni el nativo ni el extranjero que morare entre vosotros, por cuanto ese d\u00eda\u00a0 har\u00e1 expiaci\u00f3n por vosotros, para purificaros de todos [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-695","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-15-08"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>01 - El precepto de ayunar. - Pninei Halaj\u00e1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/es\/15-08-01\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"01 - El precepto de ayunar. - Pninei Halaj\u00e1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Es preceptivo ayunar en Yom Kipur tal como est\u00e1 escrito (Vaikr\u00e1-Lev\u00edtico 16:29-31): \u00abY esta ser\u00e1 ley eterna para vosotros: el d\u00eda diez del mes s\u00e9ptimo afligir\u00e9is vuestras almas (ayunar\u00e9is), no har\u00e9is labor alguna, ni el nativo ni el extranjero que morare entre vosotros, por cuanto ese d\u00eda\u00a0 har\u00e1 expiaci\u00f3n por vosotros, para purificaros de todos [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/es\/15-08-01\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pninei Halaj\u00e1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-09-07T22:00:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-09-29T20:33:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/es\\\/15-08-01\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/es\\\/15-08-01\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/es\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/716cb852d9b9d1fb36cf3b60a4415178\"},\"headline\":\"01 &#8211; 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