{"id":715,"date":"2016-09-09T01:00:16","date_gmt":"2016-09-08T22:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/es\/?p=715"},"modified":"2016-09-29T23:43:02","modified_gmt":"2016-09-29T20:43:02","slug":"15-09-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/es\/15-09-01\/","title":{"rendered":"01 &#8211; El precepto de ayunar."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Es precepto positivo afligirse en Yom Kipur, tal como est\u00e1 escrito (Vaikr\u00e1-Lev\u00edtico 16:29): \u00abY esta ser\u00e1 ley eterna para vosotros: el d\u00eda diez del mes s\u00e9ptimo afligir\u00e9is vuestras almas\u00bb. El precepto de la aflicci\u00f3n se cumple, principalmente, mediante la abstenci\u00f3n de comer y beber por ser\u00a0 fundamentales para la existencia humana. Por lo tanto, solamente quien quiebra el ayuno voluntariamente es pasible de la pena de \u00abCaret\u00bb y si lo hace involuntariamente est\u00e1 obligado a ofrendar un sacrificio de \u00abJat\u00e1t\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>De todas maneras, el precepto de afligirse incluye otras cuatro prohibiciones que producen privaci\u00f3n. Conjuntamente con la prohibici\u00f3n de comer y beber, las prohibiciones suman cinco: a) Comer y beber, b) Lavarse o ba\u00f1arse, c) Untarse cremas, d) Calzar calzado de cuero, e) Mantener relaciones sexuales (Mishn\u00e1 Tratado de <em>Yom\u00e1<\/em> 73(B)).<\/p>\n<p>El precepto de la aflicci\u00f3n no implica llevar a\u00a0 cabo acciones dolorosas como sentarse a mediod\u00eda bajo el sol, sino que se trata de abstenerse de aquellas pr\u00e1cticas cuya suspensi\u00f3n causan penuria (Talmud Babilonio Tratado de <em>Yom\u00e1<\/em> 74(B), 76(B)-77(B)). Esto se fundamenta en\u00a0 lo escrito en el libro de Vaikr\u00e1 (23:32): \u00abSer\u00e1 d\u00eda de estricto descanso (cesaci\u00f3n) y ayunar\u00e9is (os afligir\u00e9is)\u00bb. De esto, nuestros sabios aprendieron que se trata de un d\u00eda en el cual se cesa de comer y beber, d\u00eda en el cual se cesa de aquellas cosas que dejan sin efecto la aflicci\u00f3n (\u00eddem Yom\u00e1 74(A)). Adem\u00e1s, nuestros sabios aprendieron del hecho que el precepto de la aflicci\u00f3n figura cinco veces en la Tor\u00e1, que es menester abstenerse de las cinco acciones antes mencionadas (\u00eddem 76(A)).<\/p>\n<p>Los juristas debatieron respecto del exacto alcance de la gravedad de las cuatro aflicciones suplementarias. Hay quienes opinan que, por cuanto que no est\u00e1 expl\u00edcitamente escrito que la prohibici\u00f3n es comer y beber sino que est\u00e1 escrito gen\u00e9ricamente \u00abafligir\u00e9is vuestras almas\u00bb, la prohibici\u00f3n de la Tor\u00e1 incluye las cinco aflicciones tal como los sabios las dedujeron de los diferentes vers\u00edculos. Seg\u00fan la opini\u00f3n mayoritaria de los juristas, la Tor\u00e1 \u00fanicamente proh\u00edbe comer y beber que son la principal aflicci\u00f3n. De todas maneras, como en la Tor\u00e1 no figura expl\u00edcitamente que el precepto consiste en abstenerse de comer y beber\u00a0 sino que habla de que el precepto es afligirse, se deduce que la aflicci\u00f3n debe manifestarse de otras formas, y por esto nuestros sabios prohibieron las cuatro acciones suplementarias.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Es precepto positivo afligirse en Yom Kipur, tal como est\u00e1 escrito (Vaikr\u00e1-Lev\u00edtico 16:29): \u00abY esta ser\u00e1 ley eterna para vosotros: el d\u00eda diez del mes s\u00e9ptimo afligir\u00e9is vuestras almas\u00bb. El precepto de la aflicci\u00f3n se cumple, principalmente, mediante la abstenci\u00f3n de comer y beber por ser\u00a0 fundamentales para la existencia humana. Por lo tanto, solamente [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-715","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-15-09"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>01 - El precepto de ayunar. - Pninei Halaj\u00e1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/es\/15-09-01\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"01 - El precepto de ayunar. - Pninei Halaj\u00e1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Es precepto positivo afligirse en Yom Kipur, tal como est\u00e1 escrito (Vaikr\u00e1-Lev\u00edtico 16:29): \u00abY esta ser\u00e1 ley eterna para vosotros: el d\u00eda diez del mes s\u00e9ptimo afligir\u00e9is vuestras almas\u00bb. El precepto de la aflicci\u00f3n se cumple, principalmente, mediante la abstenci\u00f3n de comer y beber por ser\u00a0 fundamentales para la existencia humana. 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