{"id":1008,"date":"2016-04-16T16:00:23","date_gmt":"2016-04-16T13:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=1008"},"modified":"2018-03-21T11:23:05","modified_gmt":"2018-03-21T09:23:05","slug":"04-16-16","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/04-16-16\/","title":{"rendered":"16. Ya\u2019hats<\/em>: on rompt la matsa centrale"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sur le plateau, on aura pr\u00e9alablement dispos\u00e9 trois matsot. Entre la consommation du karpas<\/em> et la r\u00e9citation de la Haggada, le ma\u00eetre de c\u00e9ans rompt la matsa qui est au centre (le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, tous ceux devant qui on a dispos\u00e9 trois matsot font de m\u00eame). La plus grande moiti\u00e9 de cette matsa bris\u00e9e est conserv\u00e9e pour l\u2019afikoman<\/em>\u00a0; l\u2019autre moiti\u00e9 est laiss\u00e9e entre les deux matsot rest\u00e9es enti\u00e8res (Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 473, 6).<\/p>\n

La raison de cette r\u00e8gle est de rappeler notre pauvret\u00e9 en Egypte.\u00a0L\u2019un des propos de la matsa est en effet de nous rappeler la pauvret\u00e9 et la servitude qui furent notre partage en Egypte\u00a0; c\u2019est bien pour cela que la matsa est appel\u00e9e l\u00e9\u2019hem \u2018oni<\/em>, \u00ab\u00a0pain de pauvret\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb. Or les pauvres ont l\u2019habitude de ne manger que des demi-pains, car ils n\u2019ont pas les moyens d\u2019acheter des pains entiers. Pour exprimer la pauvret\u00e9, on partage donc la matsa en deux. On le fait avant de commencer la lecture de la Haggada, car il faut r\u00e9citer la Haggada quand la matsa est devant nous, visible\u00a0; en effet, l\u2019expression l\u00e9\u2019hem \u2018oni<\/em> s\u2019interpr\u00e8te aussi comme \u00ab\u00a0pain sur lequel on dit (\u2018onim<\/em>, litt\u00e9ralement\u00a0: on r\u00e9pond<\/em>) de nombreuses paroles\u00a0\u00bb. Aussi faut-il, durant la lecture de la Haggada, que la matsa soit plac\u00e9e devant nous telle qu\u2019elle sera mang\u00e9e. Elle doit donc \u00eatre coup\u00e9e avant la lecture de la Haggada.<\/p>\n

Cependant, comme tous les Chabbats et jours de f\u00eate, nous avons la mitsva de dire la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction Hamotsi<\/em> sur deux<\/em> pains. Aussi dispose-t-on trois matsot\u00a0: on coupe celle du milieu, qui exprime la notion de pain de pauvret\u00e9, tandis que les deux autres matsot, celle du dessus et celle du dessous, restent enti\u00e8res pour constituer un couple de pains. (Ensuite, quand on prononcera la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction Hamotsi<\/em>, on saisira les trois matsot, pour que l\u2019on ait en mains un couple de matsot enti\u00e8res\u00a0; puis, pour prononcer la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction sur la mitsva de manger la matsa, \u2018Al akhilat matsa<\/em>, on posera la matsa inf\u00e9rieure, de sorte que la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction sera dite sur la sup\u00e9rieure et l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire, afin de mettre davantage l\u2019accent sur la matsa bris\u00e9e[16]<\/a><\/sup>.)<\/p>\n

On r\u00e9serve la plus grande moiti\u00e9 pour l\u2019afikoman<\/em>. On a coutume de l\u2019envelopper dans une serviette, en souvenir de la description, que fait le verset de l\u2019Exode (12, 34), de la sortie d\u2019Egypte\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le peuple emporta sa p\u00e2te avant qu\u2019elle ne ferment\u00e2t, le p\u00e9trin attach\u00e9 au ch\u00e2le, sur l\u2019\u00e9paule.\u00a0\u00bb Certains ont coutume de mettre l\u2019afikoman<\/em>, un bref moment, sur leur \u00e9paule, en souvenir des matsot que port\u00e8rent nos p\u00e8res, sur leurs \u00e9paules, quand ils sortirent d\u2019Egypte (Michna Beroura<\/em> 473, 59).<\/p>\n

Ensuite, on cache l\u2019afikoman<\/em>, et on la garde pour la manger \u00e0 la fin du s\u00e9der, en souvenir de la consommation du sacrifice pascal (cf. ci-apr\u00e8s, \u00a7 33-34).<\/p>\n

Dans certaines familles, les enfants ont l\u2019usage de \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9rober\u00a0\u00bb l\u2019afikoman<\/em> et de la garder jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin du repas. Alors, ils consentent \u00e0 la rendre en \u00e9change d\u2019un cadeau. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cela, ils restent \u00e9veill\u00e9s durant tout le s\u00e9der. Dans notre famille, on a coutume d\u2019offrir un cadeau \u00e0 chaque enfant rest\u00e9 \u00e9veill\u00e9 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de la consommation de l\u2019afikoman<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[16]<\/a>. Selon Ma\u00efmonide, on ne dispose que deux matsot\u00a0: on brise celle du bas, et il n\u2019est pas n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019avoir deux matsot enti\u00e8res pour dire la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction Hamotsi<\/em>\u00a0: c\u2019est en effet le th\u00e8me du soir du s\u00e9der, pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, que de manger un \u00ab\u00a0pain pauvre\u00a0\u00bb, de sorte qu\u2019il faut briser l\u2019une des deux matsot. Tel est l\u2019usage des Y\u00e9m\u00e9nites dont les coutumes sont conformes \u00e0 l\u2019enseignement de Ma\u00efmonide.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sur le plateau, on aura pr\u00e9alablement dispos\u00e9 trois matsot. Entre la consommation du karpas et la r\u00e9citation de la Haggada, le ma\u00eetre de c\u00e9ans rompt la matsa qui est au centre (le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, tous ceux devant qui on a dispos\u00e9 trois matsot font de m\u00eame). La plus grande moiti\u00e9 de cette matsa bris\u00e9e est […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1008","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-04-16"],"yoast_head":"\n16. 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