{"id":1014,"date":"2016-04-16T19:00:49","date_gmt":"2016-04-16T16:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=1014"},"modified":"2018-03-21T11:24:13","modified_gmt":"2018-03-21T09:24:13","slug":"04-16-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/04-16-19\/","title":{"rendered":"19. Coutumes de lecture de la Haggada"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Comme nous l\u2019avons vu, on n\u2019a pas l\u2019usage de r\u00e9citer la Haggada accoud\u00e9, car il faut la r\u00e9citer avec application, dans la crainte du Ciel (<em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 473, 71, d\u2019apr\u00e8s le <em>Chn\u00e9 Lou\u2019hot Habrit<\/em>). Cependant, au sein m\u00eame de ce s\u00e9rieux, la r\u00e9citation de la Haggada se caract\u00e9rise par la joie, l\u2019all\u00e9gresse, pour ce que Dieu nous a choisis d\u2019entre tous les peuples et nous a donn\u00e9 sa Torah (cf. <em>Kaf Ha\u2019ha\u00efm<\/em> 473, 152).<\/p>\n<p>Nous l\u2019avons vu \u00e9galement, la matsa doit, durant toute la lecture de la Haggada, \u00eatre d\u00e9couverte. Nos sages tirent cette coutume de l\u2019expression biblique \u00ab\u00a0pain de pauvret\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, <em>l\u00e9\u2019hem \u2018oni\u00a0:<\/em> \u00ab\u00a0Pain, disent-ils, sur lequel<sup><a href='#_te01ftn16_n' id='_te01ftnref16_n' class='aup1'>[n]<\/a><\/sup> on prononce (<em>\u2018onim<\/em>, litt\u00e9ralement\u00a0<em>on r\u00e9pond<\/em>) de nombreuses paroles\u00a0\u00bb (<em>Pessa\u2019him<\/em> 115b). Tel est bien le fondement de la mitsva consistant \u00e0 consommer la matsa le soir du s\u00e9der\u00a0: faire en sorte que le r\u00e9cit de la sortie d\u2019Egypte soit profond\u00e9ment <em>ressenti<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e9anmoins, aux moments o\u00f9 l\u2019on soul\u00e8ve la coupe de vin \u2013 lorsqu\u2019on chante les passages <em>V\u00e9hi ch\u00e9\u2019amda<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0Et c\u2019est ce qui nous a soutenus, nos p\u00e8res et nous\u2026\u00a0\u00bb) et <em>L\u00e9fikhakh ana\u2019hnou \u2018hayavim lehodot <\/em>(\u00ab\u00a0Aussi devons-nous exprimer notre reconnaissance\u2026\u00a0\u00bb) et que l\u2019on dit la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction de la D\u00e9livrance avant de boire la deuxi\u00e8me coupe \u2013, il faut recouvrir les matsot. En effet, la matsa a un statut plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que le vin, si bien que, chaque fois que l\u2019on saisit la coupe de vin et qu\u2019on lui donne pr\u00e9s\u00e9ance sur la matsa, il faut recouvrir celle-ci, afin de ne point para\u00eetre honorer le vin plus que la matsa (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 473, 7, <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 73). C\u2019est pour la m\u00eame raison que l\u2019on recouvre le pain pendant le Qidouch sur le vin, tous les Chabbats et jours de f\u00eate.<\/p>\n<p>Quand on r\u00e9cite\u00a0:\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Cette matsa que nous mangeons\u2026\u00a0\u00bb (<em>matsa zo ch\u00e9anou okhelim<\/em>), le ma\u00eetre de c\u00e9ans soul\u00e8ve la matsa pour la montrer \u00e0 tous les convives, afin de la rendre ch\u00e8re \u00e0 leur c\u0153ur. Quand on dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ce maror que nous mangeons\u00a0\u00bb (<em>maror z\u00e9 ch\u00e9anou okhelim<\/em>), on soul\u00e8ve les herbes am\u00e8res. Mais quand on dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Cet agneau pascal\u00a0\u00bb (<em>pessa\u2019h z\u00e9<\/em>), on ne soul\u00e8ve pas le <em>zeroa\u2019<\/em> (l\u2019\u00e9paule d\u2019agneau, ou l\u2019aile de poulet, suivant les coutumes), puisque la viande plac\u00e9e sur le plateau n\u2019est pas celle d\u2019un sacrifice pascal\u00a0: elle sert simplement \u00e0 <em>rappeler <\/em>le sacrifice pascal\u00a0; or si l\u2019on soulevait le <em>zeroa\u2019<\/em>, on para\u00eetrait faire des sacrifices en un temps et en un lieu o\u00f9 ceux-ci sont interdits (<em>Pessa\u2019him<\/em> 116b, <em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 473, 7).<\/p>\n<p>On a coutume de reverser un peu de vin de sa coupe quand on mentionne chacun des mots ou expressions suivantes\u00a0: <em>dam \/ va-ech \/ v\u00e9timrot \u2018achan<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0sang, et feu, et volutes de fum\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb), ainsi qu\u2019au moment o\u00f9 l\u2019on mentionne chacune des dix plaies, et chacun des trois acronymes d\u00e9signant les plaies (<em>detsakh \/ \u2018adach\u00a0\/ bea\u2019hav<\/em>)\u00a0; ce qui fait en tout seize fois. Certains ont l\u2019usage de prendre \u00e0 chaque fois une goutte de vin avec le doigt et de la jeter dans la sous-tasse\u00a0; d\u2019autres versent, chaque fois, un peu du vin de la coupe dans un r\u00e9cipient \u00e9br\u00e9ch\u00e9 (Rama 473, 7, <em>Cha\u2019ar Hatsioun<\/em> 81, <em>Kaf Ha\u2019ha\u00efm<\/em> 163-164). Quand il s\u2019agit de vin de la <em>chemita<\/em> (ann\u00e9e de la jach\u00e8re, septi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e du cycle agricole), le Rav Kook enseigne qu\u2019il ne faut pas en rejeter. Malgr\u00e9 cela, c\u2019est une mitsva que de servir un tel vin pour les quatre coupes, en raison de l\u2019avantage qu\u2019il y a \u00e0 boire du vin de la septi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e (<em>Pnin\u00e9 Halakha, Chevi\u2019it<\/em>, chap. 4 \u00a7 5, note 5).<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div>\n<a href='#_te01ftnref16_n' id='_te01ftn16_n'>[n]<\/a>. Dans cette formule, le mot <em>\u2018alav<\/em>, litt\u00e9ralement \u00ab\u00a0sur lequel\u00a0\u00bb signifie \u00e0 la fois \u00ab\u00a0en pr\u00e9sence duquel\u00a0\u00bb, et \u00ab\u00a0au sujet duquel\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Comme nous l\u2019avons vu, on n\u2019a pas l\u2019usage de r\u00e9citer la Haggada accoud\u00e9, car il faut la r\u00e9citer avec application, dans la crainte du Ciel (Michna Beroura 473, 71, d\u2019apr\u00e8s le Chn\u00e9 Lou\u2019hot Habrit). Cependant, au sein m\u00eame de ce s\u00e9rieux, la r\u00e9citation de la Haggada se caract\u00e9rise par la joie, l\u2019all\u00e9gresse, pour ce que [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-04-16"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>19. Coutumes de lecture de la Haggada - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/04-16-19\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"19. Coutumes de lecture de la Haggada - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Comme nous l\u2019avons vu, on n\u2019a pas l\u2019usage de r\u00e9citer la Haggada accoud\u00e9, car il faut la r\u00e9citer avec application, dans la crainte du Ciel (Michna Beroura 473, 71, d\u2019apr\u00e8s le Chn\u00e9 Lou\u2019hot Habrit). Cependant, au sein m\u00eame de ce s\u00e9rieux, la r\u00e9citation de la Haggada se caract\u00e9rise par la joie, l\u2019all\u00e9gresse, pour ce que [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/04-16-19\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-04-16T16:00:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-03-21T09:24:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"orah765768\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"orah765768\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/04-16-19\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/04-16-19\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"orah765768\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0996d17962bfd8ffd1c8ef7117a4204b\"},\"headline\":\"19. 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