{"id":1042,"date":"2016-04-17T10:00:44","date_gmt":"2016-04-17T07:00:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=1042"},"modified":"2018-03-21T11:31:43","modified_gmt":"2018-03-21T09:31:43","slug":"04-16-33","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/04-16-33\/","title":{"rendered":"33. <em>Tsafoun<\/em>(le morceau cach\u00e9)\u00a0: l\u2019<em>afikoman<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c0 la fin du repas, on mange la mesure d\u2019un <em>kaza\u00eft<\/em> (l\u2019\u00e9quivalent du tiers d\u2019une matsa faite \u00e0 la machine) de la matsa coup\u00e9e en deux, dont on avait r\u00e9serv\u00e9 l\u2019une des moiti\u00e9s d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but du s\u00e9der. C\u2019est le morceau appel\u00e9 <em>afikoman<\/em>. Apr\u00e8s l\u2019<em>afikoman<\/em>, on ne mange plus rien jusqu\u2019au coucher, afin que le go\u00fbt de la matsa reste en nos bouches (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 477, 1\u00a0; 478, 1). Quand la demi-matsa r\u00e9serv\u00e9e pour l\u2019<em>afikoman<\/em> ne suffit pas \u00e0 fournir un<em> kaza\u00eft <\/em>pour chacun des convives, le ma\u00eetre de c\u00e9ans donne \u00e0 chacun un petit fragment de cette demi-matsa, et ajoute une portion prise sur une autre <em>matsa chemoura<\/em>, afin d\u2019atteindre la mesure d\u2019un <em>kaza\u00eft<\/em>. Si la demi-matsa ainsi r\u00e9serv\u00e9e est trop petite pour qu\u2019il en soit donn\u00e9 un fragment \u00e0 chacun des convives, on pourra donner \u00e0 chacun un <em>kaza\u00eft<\/em> pris sur une autre <em>matsa chemoura<\/em>, et chaque convive mangera son <em>kaza\u00eft<\/em> au titre de l\u2019<em>afikoman<\/em>. De m\u00eame, quand l\u2019<em>afikoman<\/em> s\u2019est perdu, on pourra prendre une autre <em>matsa chemoura<\/em> en tant qu\u2019<em>afikoman<\/em> (Rama 477, 2).<\/p>\n<p>Il est permis de boire de l\u2019eau apr\u00e8s la consommation de l\u2019<em>afikoman<\/em>, car, s\u2019il est interdit de manger apr\u00e8s cette portion, c\u2019est seulement afin que son go\u00fbt reste en bouche\u00a0; or l\u2019eau n\u2019a pas \u00e0 proprement parler de go\u00fbt, de sorte qu\u2019il est permis d\u2019en boire apr\u00e8s l\u2019<em>afikoman<\/em> (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 478, 1, <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 2).<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 l\u2019origine, le mot <em>afikoman<\/em> d\u00e9signait des sucreries ou entremets, qu\u2019on avait l\u2019usage de manger \u00e0 la fin d\u2019un repas. Or le soir du 15 nissan (\u00e0 une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 le Temple est construit), il faut manger, \u00e0 la fin du repas, de la viande du sacrifice pascal. C\u2019est \u00e0 ce propos que nos sages disent, dans la Michna (<em>Pessa\u2019him<\/em> 119b)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0On n\u2019ajoute pas de dessert (<em>afikoman<\/em>) apr\u00e8s le sacrifice pascal\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0; ce qui signifie qu\u2019apr\u00e8s la consommation du sacrifice pascal, il ne faut pas servir de dessert ni d\u2019entremet, cela afin que le go\u00fbt de la viande du sacrifice reste en bouche pour chacun.<\/p>\n<p>De nos jours, o\u00f9 nous ne pouvons offrir le sacrifice pascal, nos sages ont institu\u00e9, en souvenir de ce sacrifice, la consommation de matsa \u00e0 la fin du s\u00e9der. Il ne faut donc plus rien manger apr\u00e8s cette matsa finale, afin que son go\u00fbt nous reste en bouche. Et puisque le repas du s\u00e9der s\u2019ach\u00e8ve par la consommation de la matsa, c\u2019est la matsa qui en constitue l\u2019\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0<em>afikoman<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire l\u2019aliment que l\u2019on mange \u00e0 la fin du repas. Aussi appelons-nous <em>afikoman<\/em>\u00a0le morceau de matsa que l\u2019on r\u00e9serve pour la fin du repas.<\/p>\n<p>Puisque la consommation de l\u2019<em>afikoman<\/em> est prescrite en souvenir du sacrifice pascal, il faut, de m\u00eame que l\u2019on mangeait celui-ci en \u00e9tant rassasi\u00e9 (<em>\u2018al ha-sova\u2019<\/em>), manger l\u2019<em>afikoman<\/em> en \u00e9tat de sati\u00e9t\u00e9 (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 477, 1). L\u2019expression <em>\u2018al ha-sova\u2019<\/em> (litt\u00e9ralement\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0en sus de la sati\u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb) signifie que l\u2019on est d\u00e9j\u00e0 rassasi\u00e9, mais que l\u2019on d\u00e9sire encore manger. En revanche, si l\u2019on est rassasi\u00e9 au point que l\u2019on n\u2019ait plus envie de manger, on n\u2019accomplit pas la mitsva de la meilleure fa\u00e7on, puisque, personnellement, on pr\u00e9f\u00e9rerait ne pas manger davantage. Si l\u2019on est tellement rassasi\u00e9 que l\u2019on est d\u00e9go\u00fbt\u00e9 de la nourriture, et que l\u2019on se force \u00e0 manger l\u2019<em>afikoman<\/em>, cela s\u2019appelle <em>akhila gassa<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0consommation grossi\u00e8re\u00a0\u00bb), et ce n\u2019est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une consommation valide\u00a0; de sorte que l\u2019on n\u2019est pas quitte de la mitsva de manger l\u2019<em>afikoman<\/em> (<em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 476, 6, <em>Kaf Ha\u2019ha\u00efm<\/em> 16).<\/p>\n<p>Il faut manger l\u2019<em>afikoman<\/em> en un seul et m\u00eame lieu\u00a0: puisqu\u2019il a pour r\u00f4le de rappeler le sacrifice pascal, il faut le manger comme on le faisait du sacrifice pascal, en un seul et m\u00eame lieu, comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Dans une m\u00eame maison il sera mang\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb (Ex 12, 46\u00a0; Rama 478, 1, <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 4).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c0 la fin du repas, on mange la mesure d\u2019un kaza\u00eft (l\u2019\u00e9quivalent du tiers d\u2019une matsa faite \u00e0 la machine) de la matsa coup\u00e9e en deux, dont on avait r\u00e9serv\u00e9 l\u2019une des moiti\u00e9s d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but du s\u00e9der. C\u2019est le morceau appel\u00e9 afikoman. Apr\u00e8s l\u2019afikoman, on ne mange plus rien jusqu\u2019au coucher, afin que le [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1042","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-04-16"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>33. 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Apr\u00e8s l\u2019afikoman, on ne mange plus rien jusqu\u2019au coucher, afin que le [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/04-16-33\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-04-17T07:00:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-03-21T09:31:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"orah765768\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"orah765768\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/04-16-33\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/04-16-33\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"orah765768\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0996d17962bfd8ffd1c8ef7117a4204b\"},\"headline\":\"33. 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