{"id":107,"date":"2016-01-14T10:00:42","date_gmt":"2016-01-14T08:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=107"},"modified":"2018-03-19T11:00:53","modified_gmt":"2018-03-19T09:00:53","slug":"05-14-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/05-14-10\/","title":{"rendered":"10. Don fait en souvenir du demi-sicle"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>On a coutume de faire un don aux \u0153uvres (<em>ts\u00e9daqa<\/em>), durant le mois d\u2019adar, en souvenir du demi-sicle (<em>z\u00e9kher l\u00e9-ma\u2019hatsit ha-shekel<\/em>), que nos anc\u00eatres donnaient en adar pour les besoins des sacrifices publics. Le moment le plus appropri\u00e9 pour faire ce don est celui qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de l\u2019office de Min\u2019ha du je\u00fbne d\u2019Esther, afin que la <em>ts\u00e9daqa<\/em> se joigne au je\u00fbne, contribuant \u00e0 l\u2019expiation (<em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 694, 4, <em>Kaf Ha\u2019ha\u00efm<\/em> 25).<\/p>\n<p>Certains ont coutume de donner la moiti\u00e9 de l\u2019unit\u00e9 mon\u00e9taire en usage dans le pays o\u00f9 l\u2019on se trouve\u00a0; d\u2019autres ont coutume de donner trois fois la moiti\u00e9 de ladite monnaie, ce qui correspond aux trois occurrences du mot <em>t\u00e9rouma <\/em>(pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement) dans la paracha <em>Cheqalim<\/em> (Rama 694, 1). De nos jours, la monnaie en usage en Isra\u00ebl est le shekel, de sorte que, suivant cet usage, il faut donner trois pi\u00e8ces d\u2019un demi-shekel.<\/p>\n<p>D\u2019autres ont coutume de donner la contre-valeur du demi-sicle antique, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la contre-valeur de 10 grammes d\u2019argent pur (<em>Kaf Ha\u2019ha\u00efm<\/em> 694, 20). Toutes ces coutumes sont valides\u00a0; et celui qui ajoute \u00e0 la mitsva de <em>ts\u00e9daqa<\/em> sera b\u00e9ni pour cela.<\/p>\n<p>Selon certains auteurs, cette coutume s\u2019applique aux hommes \u00e2g\u00e9s de vingt ans et plus\u00a0: c\u2019est \u00e0 eux que s\u2019appliquait l\u2019obligation du demi-sicle (Rama). D\u2019autres estiment que les jeunes de treize ans et plus doivent observer cette coutume (<em>Tossephot Yom Tov<\/em>). D\u2019autres encore pensent qu\u2019il est juste de donner, en souvenir du demi-sicle, une contribution pour le compte des enfants \u00e9galement (<em>Elya Rabba<\/em>, <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 694, 5). Enfin, certains auteurs estiment qu\u2019il est juste que les femmes, elles aussi, offrent une <em>ts\u00e9daqa <\/em>en souvenir du demi-sicle (<em>Kaf Ha\u2019ha\u00efm<\/em> 694, 27). Tel est l\u2019usage de nos jours\u00a0: on donne au moins un demi-shekel pour chacun des membres de la famille, et m\u00eame pour le f\u0153tus dans le ventre de sa m\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p>Il ne faut pas comptabiliser cette <em>ts\u00e9daqa<\/em> parmi la d\u00eeme d\u2019argent que l\u2019on pr\u00e9l\u00e8ve sur ses revenus (<em>ma\u2019asser kessafim<\/em>), car on n\u2019est pas autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 accomplir les mitsvot et coutumes auxquelles on est oblig\u00e9 en prenant, \u00e0 cette fin, une part de la d\u00eeme que l\u2019on doit verser. Toutefois, si l\u2019on a coutume, pour s\u2019acquitter de sa contribution en souvenir du demi-sicle, de se conformer \u00e0 l\u2019usage rigoureux, et que, pour l\u2019heure, on se trouve dans la g\u00eane, de sorte qu\u2019il soit difficile de respecter sa coutume sans s\u2019aider de l\u2019argent r\u00e9serv\u00e9 pour sa d\u00eeme, on sera autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 donner un demi-shekel par homme \u00e2g\u00e9 de vingt ans ou plus, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l\u2019opinion indulgente, somme prise sur son propre budget\u00a0; quant aux autres membres de la famille, on pourra verser leur part en la pr\u00e9levant sur l\u2019argent de sa d\u00eeme.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On a coutume de faire un don aux \u0153uvres (ts\u00e9daqa), durant le mois d\u2019adar, en souvenir du demi-sicle (z\u00e9kher l\u00e9-ma\u2019hatsit ha-shekel), que nos anc\u00eatres donnaient en adar pour les besoins des sacrifices publics. Le moment le plus appropri\u00e9 pour faire ce don est celui qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de l\u2019office de Min\u2019ha du je\u00fbne d\u2019Esther, afin que la [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-107","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-05-14"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>10. 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Le moment le plus appropri\u00e9 pour faire ce don est celui qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de l\u2019office de Min\u2019ha du je\u00fbne d\u2019Esther, afin que la [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/05-14-10\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-01-14T08:00:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-03-19T09:00:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/05-14-10\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/05-14-10\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/716cb852d9b9d1fb36cf3b60a4415178\"},\"headline\":\"10. 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