{"id":1108,"date":"2016-05-04T11:00:31","date_gmt":"2016-05-04T08:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=1108"},"modified":"2018-03-18T09:35:07","modified_gmt":"2018-03-18T07:35:07","slug":"05-04-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/05-04-11\/","title":{"rendered":"11. Rasage, coupe de cheveux, mariage, Ta\u2019hanounim<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"

Apr\u00e8s que Yom Ha\u2019atsmaout eut \u00e9t\u00e9 institu\u00e9 comme jour de joie et d\u2019actions de gr\u00e2ce, la question s\u2019est pos\u00e9e de savoir si les usages de deuil de l\u2019omer<\/em>[f]<\/a><\/sup> s\u2019appliquent \u00e9galement \u00e0 Yom Ha\u2019atsmaout. Des opinions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 exprim\u00e9es, \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard, dans diff\u00e9rents sens. En pratique, il est convenu de ne pas observer d\u2019usages de deuil qui alt\u00e8rent la joie. Aussi est-il permis de danser et de jouer de la musique. En revanche, on n\u2019organise pas de mariage, car le fait de s\u2019abstenir de se marier n\u2019est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un fait de deuil contredisant la joie de Yom Ha\u2019atsmaout.<\/p>\n

Il convient que ceux qui ont l\u2019habitude de se raser le fassent, \u00e0 l\u2019approche de Yom Ha\u2019atsmaout\u00a0; de m\u00eame, on rev\u00eat des habits de f\u00eate \u00e0 l\u2019approche de ce jour. S\u2019agissant de se faire couper les cheveux, il semble que seuls ceux dont la coiffure ne serait pas d\u2019apparence honorable puissent se faire couper les cheveux \u00e0 l\u2019approche de Yom Ha\u2019atsmaout. Mais si l\u2019on para\u00eet correct, on ne sera autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 se faire couper les cheveux qu\u2019\u00e0 Yom Ha\u2019atsmaout m\u00eame (et non la veille), car alors la joie annule cet usage de deuil[12]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Le Grand-rabbinat, sous la direction du Rav Unterman et du Rav Nissim, a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 qu\u2019\u00e0 Yom Yerouchala\u00efm les Ashk\u00e9nazes eux-m\u00eames \u2013 qui ont coutume, pendant l\u2019omer<\/em>, d\u2019observer des restrictions li\u00e9es au deuil \u2013 ne marqueraient aucune restriction, et seraient autoris\u00e9s \u00e0 se marier le 28 iyar\u00a0: en effet, dans de nombreuses communaut\u00e9s, toutes les restrictions cessent apr\u00e8s Lag ba\u2019omer[g]<\/a><\/sup> (cf. ci-dessus, chap. 3 \u00a7 2-4)\u00a0; \u00e0 plus forte raison le 28 iyar, jour consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la reconnaissance et \u00e0 la joie, pour le miracle que produisit le Saint b\u00e9ni soit-Il en faveur de son peuple Isra\u00ebl, cela sera-t-il permis.<\/p>\n

On ne r\u00e9cite pas les Ta\u2019hanounim<\/em> (supplications) \u00e0 Yom Ha\u2019atsmaout ni \u00e0 Yom Yerouchala\u00efm, ni \u00e0 l\u2019office de Min\u2019ha qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de ces jours (La Pri\u00e8re d\u2019Isra\u00ebl<\/em> 21 \u00a7 7\u00a0; cf. aussi ibid. 21 \u00a7 2, note 1).<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[f]<\/a>. Cf. Chapitre 3.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a>. Le Primat de Sion, Rav Yits\u2019haq Nissim, \u00e9crit que tous les usages de deuil sont annul\u00e9s \u00e0 Yom Ha\u2019atsmaout (Hilkhot Yom Ha\u2019atsmaout V\u00e9yom Yerouchala\u00efm<\/em> pp. 334-340). Il fonde ses propos sur les consid\u00e9rations suivantes\u00a0: a) certains d\u00e9cisionnaires estiment que, si l\u2019on n\u2019a pas encore accompli la mitsva de procr\u00e9er, on est autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 se marier durant l\u2019omer<\/em> (Radbaz, Peri \u2018Hadach<\/em>). b) S\u2019agissant de se faire couper les cheveux, certains ont coutume de le faire \u00e0 l\u2019approche de Chabbat ou de Roch \u2018hodech (Radbaz, Ya\u2019avets). c) Rabbi \u2018Ha\u00efm Falagi rapporte que, dans sa ville, certaines personnes b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e8rent d\u2019un miracle le 8 iyar, d\u2019autres le 11 iyar\u00a0; ces personnes ont coutume de se faire couper les cheveux ces jours-l\u00e0 (Mo\u2019ed Lekhol \u2018Ha\u00ef<\/em> 6).<\/p>\n

S\u2019agissant particuli\u00e8rement du rasage, il y a davantage de motifs d\u2019indulgence. En effet, le fait de se raser n\u2019est pas une marque festive\u00a0: il annule simplement l\u2019apparence du deuil, comme nous l\u2019expliquons ci-dessus, chap. 3 \u00a7 7. Face \u00e0 cette position, les responsa Yaskil \u2018Avdi<\/em> VI 10 soutiennent qu\u2019il ne faut pas permettre de se couper les cheveux ni de se marier \u00e0 Yom Ha\u2019atsmaout.<\/p>\n

Notre ma\u00eetre le Rav Tsvi Yehouda Kook r\u00e9primandait les \u00e9l\u00e8ves qui avaient l\u2019habitude de se raser, mais qui paraissaient endeuill\u00e9s \u00e0 Yom Ha\u2019atsmaout. Il disait d\u2019eux\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Leur physionomie les trahit\u00a0\u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019ils n\u2019\u00e9taient pas heureux, ni n\u2019\u00e9prouvaient de reconnaissance envers Dieu. Cf. article du Rav Chemouel Katz dans Harabanout Harachit<\/em> II pp. 877-882.<\/p>\n

Pour une personne endeuill\u00e9e<\/strong>\u00a0: ce m\u00eame ouvrage, p. 900, note 37, cite le responsum du Rav Goren, selon lequel Yom Ha\u2019atsmaout et Yom Yerouchala\u00efm, comme \u2018Hanouka, n\u2019annulent pas les sept jours de deuil\u00a0; l\u2019endeuill\u00e9 ne r\u00e9citera pas le Hallel. De m\u00eame, on ne r\u00e9citera pas le Hallel chez l\u2019endeuill\u00e9, mais on le dira en un autre lieu. Apr\u00e8s les sept jours, l\u2019endeuill\u00e9 se joindra aux pri\u00e8res festives et aux f\u00eates, \u00e0 condition qu\u2019il n\u2019y soit pas jou\u00e9 d\u2019instruments de musique. Dans les trente jours du deuil, il est interdit \u00e0 l\u2019endeuill\u00e9 de se faire couper les cheveux en l\u2019honneur de ces jours de f\u00eate.<\/p>\n

[g]<\/a>. Lag ba\u2019omer a lieu avant Yom Yerouchala\u00efm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Apr\u00e8s que Yom Ha\u2019atsmaout eut \u00e9t\u00e9 institu\u00e9 comme jour de joie et d\u2019actions de gr\u00e2ce, la question s\u2019est pos\u00e9e de savoir si les usages de deuil de l\u2019omer[f] s\u2019appliquent \u00e9galement \u00e0 Yom Ha\u2019atsmaout. Des opinions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 exprim\u00e9es, \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard, dans diff\u00e9rents sens. En pratique, il est convenu de ne pas observer d\u2019usages de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-05-04"],"yoast_head":"\n11. 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