{"id":1359,"date":"2016-01-12T00:11:50","date_gmt":"2016-01-11T22:11:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=1359"},"modified":"2017-07-23T09:12:44","modified_gmt":"2017-07-23T06:12:44","slug":"01-12-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-12-11\/","title":{"rendered":"11. Ecrire, construire et \u00e9taler, en mati\u00e8re alimentaire"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Il est interdit de tracer des lettres ou des formes au moyen de nonpareils<sup><a href='#_te01ftn12_e' id='_te01ftnref12_e' class='aup1'>[e]<\/a><\/sup>, de bonbons ou de cr\u00e8me dont on d\u00e9core un g\u00e2teau. Certes, la Torah ne l\u2019interdit pas, puisque les lettres sont appel\u00e9es \u00e0 dispara\u00eetre rapidement\u00a0; mais les sages l\u2019interdisent.<\/p>\n<p>Si des lettres ou des dessins repr\u00e9sentant quelque chose \u2013 comme un arbre ou une maison \u2013 sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 trac\u00e9s sur un g\u00e2teau, il est interdit de couper celui-ci \u00e0 l\u2019endroit o\u00f9 sont les lettres\u00a0ou les dessins ; en revanche, il est permis de couper entre les lettres ou les dessins. En cas de n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 pressante, il est permis de couper \u00e0 l\u2019endroit o\u00f9 sont ces lettres ou ces dessins. Si c\u2019est dans la mati\u00e8re m\u00eame du g\u00e2teau que sont grav\u00e9es les lettres ou les dessins, comme dans le cas des petits beurres, il est permis de couper ces lettres ou dessins a priori, car on consid\u00e8re qu\u2019elles n\u2019ont pas d\u2019importance (cf. ci-apr\u00e8s, chap. 18 \u00a7 3, note 2).<\/p>\n<p>Si l\u2019on doit d\u00e9chirer un sachet contenant de la nourriture, et que des lettres soient imprim\u00e9es sur le sachet, on s\u2019efforcera de ne pas d\u00e9chirer les lettres. Faute de choix, on pourra d\u00e9chirer le sachet, m\u00eame l\u00e0 o\u00f9 sont des lettres (comme nous l\u2019expliquerons au chap. 18 \u00a7 3).<\/p>\n<p>Il est interdit de cailler du lait pour en faire du fromage. Selon de nombreux avis, l\u2019interdit est toranique, car il s\u2019agit d\u2019un d\u00e9riv\u00e9 de la <em>m\u00e9lakha<\/em> de construire (<em>bon\u00e9<\/em>)\u00a0: on veut en effet transformer le lait, liquide, en fromage, compact (<em>Chabbat <\/em>95a, Ma\u00efmonide 10, 13). Il est de m\u00eame interdit de donner \u00e0 un aliment une forme particuli\u00e8re, comme on le ferait d\u2019une construction (<em>Maguen Avraham<\/em> 340, 17, <em>\u2018Hay\u00e9 Adam<\/em> 39, 1)<sup><a href='#_te01ftn12_f' id='_te01ftnref12_f' class='aup1'>[f]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Il est permis d\u2019\u00e9taler des produits \u00e0 tartiner, ou de la salade cuite, sur une tranche de pain, car l\u2019interdit d\u2019\u00e9taler (<em>memar\u00e9a\u2019h<\/em>) ne s\u2019applique pas aux aliments. De m\u00eame, il est permis de lisser sur la tranche de pain le produit \u00e0 tartiner, afin d\u2019embellir la pr\u00e9sentation, ou encore de placer une salade de <em>\u2018houmous<\/em> sur une assiette de pr\u00e9sentation et de lisser sa forme pour obtenir un bel arrondi. Il n\u2019y a pas l\u00e0 d\u2019interdit d\u2019\u00e9taler, puisque l\u2019aliment est d\u00e9j\u00e0 consommable avant cela, et que le lissage n\u2019a pas pour fonction de le rendre propre \u00e0 la consommation. Certains auteurs, toutefois, interdisent de lisser des aliments pour les embellir\u00a0; et celui qui est rigoureux sera b\u00e9ni pour cela (Rama 321, 19).<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div>\n<a href='#_te01ftnref12_e' id='_te01ftn12_e'>[e]<\/a>. Petits bonbons color\u00e9s, en forme de perles ou de vermicelles, dont on saupoudre les g\u00e2teaux.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href='#_te01ftnref12_f' id='_te01ftn12_f'>[f]<\/a>. Par exemple, une pi\u00e8ce mont\u00e9e ou un g\u00e2teau de riz.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Il est interdit de tracer des lettres ou des formes au moyen de nonpareils[e], de bonbons ou de cr\u00e8me dont on d\u00e9core un g\u00e2teau. Certes, la Torah ne l\u2019interdit pas, puisque les lettres sont appel\u00e9es \u00e0 dispara\u00eetre rapidement\u00a0; mais les sages l\u2019interdisent. Si des lettres ou des dessins repr\u00e9sentant quelque chose \u2013 comme un arbre [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[90],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1359","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-01-12"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>11. 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