{"id":1384,"date":"2016-01-13T00:10:21","date_gmt":"2016-01-12T22:10:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=1384"},"modified":"2017-07-23T10:10:06","modified_gmt":"2017-07-23T07:10:06","slug":"01-13-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-13-10\/","title":{"rendered":"10. Coudre (tofer<\/em>)"},"content":{"rendered":"

La m\u00e9lakha<\/em> de coudre (tofer<\/em>) consiste \u00e0 joindre l\u2019un \u00e0 l\u2019autre des tentures, des tissus, de m\u00eame que nos p\u00e8res cousirent les tentures du Tabernacle. Par la m\u00e9lakha<\/em> de coudre, on joint l\u2019une \u00e0 l\u2019autre des choses souples, tandis que, par la m\u00e9lakha <\/em>de construire (bon\u00e9<\/em>), on joint des choses rigides.<\/p>\n

Toute personne qui coud, ne seraient-ce que deux points, pour peu qu\u2019elle le fasse de mani\u00e8re que la couture tienne fermement, transgresse l\u2019interdit toranique de coudre (tofer<\/em>). Si l\u2019on coud d\u2019une fa\u00e7on telle que la couture ne saurait \u00eatre durable, c\u2019est un interdit rabbinique que l\u2019on transgresse (Chabbat <\/em>74b, Michna Beroura <\/em>340, 27).<\/p>\n

De m\u00eame, il est interdit de tirer sur le fil d\u2019une couture qui a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 se d\u00e9coudre. Si cette traction a pour effet de rendre durable la couture, l\u2019interdit est toranique\u00a0; si la couture ne peut se maintenir que peu de temps, l\u2019interdit est rabbinique (Chabbat<\/em> 75a, Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh <\/em>340, 6). Dans le m\u00eame sens, quand la couture d\u2019un bouton s\u2019est rel\u00e2ch\u00e9e, il est interdit d\u2019en tendre le fil pour le resserrer (Chemirat Chabbat Kehilkhata<\/em> 15, 71).<\/p>\n

Il est permis de joindre les pans d\u2019un v\u00eatement l\u2019un \u00e0 l\u2019autre en utilisant ses boutons, boutonni\u00e8res, fermetures \u00e9clair[7]<\/a><\/sup>, boutons-pression, bandes Velcro. M\u00eame quand on a l\u2019intention de les laisser ferm\u00e9s longtemps, ce n\u2019est pas interdit. En effet, ces liens sont par nature destin\u00e9s \u00e0 \u00eatre ouverts et ferm\u00e9s, et les notions de couture et de d\u00e9chirure ne s\u2019appliquent pas \u00e0 ce simple fait, de m\u00eame que les interdits de construire ou de d\u00e9truire ne s\u2019appliquent pas au fait de fermer une fen\u00eatre ou de l\u2019ouvrir.<\/p>\n

De m\u00eame, il est permis de tirer sur le ruban enfil\u00e9 dans un chapeau ou la ceinture pass\u00e9e dans un manteau afin de les resserrer, car ce n\u2019est pas sur le mode de la couture<\/em> que l\u2019on accomplit ce geste, mais sur le mode de<\/em> l\u2019utilisation du v\u00eatement<\/em>. De plus, le ruban, la ceinture qui y sont enfil\u00e9s ne l\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re dont on coud, car la place dont ils disposent leur laisse beaucoup de jeu. Dans le m\u00eame ordre d\u2019id\u00e9es, il est permis de tendre le lacet enfil\u00e9 dans la coulisse d\u2019un v\u00eatement, pour le resserrer (cf. Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 340, 7).<\/p>\n

Il est permis de joindre les deux pans d\u2019un v\u00eatement \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019une \u00e9pingle de s\u00fbret\u00e9, car une telle jonction ne ressemble pas \u00e0 de la couture. Certains d\u00e9cisionnaires sont cependant rigoureux en la mati\u00e8re\u00a0; mais la halakha est conforme \u00e0 l\u2019opinion indulgente. Toutefois, ceux qui s\u2019abstiennent d\u2019attacher une \u00e9pingle de s\u00fbret\u00e9 pour une longue dur\u00e9e seront b\u00e9nis pour cela. Mais il est permis d\u2019attacher une broche d\u00e9corative \u00e0 son v\u00eatement, m\u00eame pour une longue dur\u00e9e, car cet accessoire n\u2019est pas fait pour joindre deux morceaux de tissu l\u2019un \u00e0 l\u2019autre.<\/p>\n

De m\u00eame que la Torah interdit de coudre, de m\u00eame elle interdit de coller\u00a0: coller (madbiq<\/em>) constitue un d\u00e9riv\u00e9 de la m\u00e9lakha<\/em> de coudre (tofer<\/em>). Il est donc interdit de coller des papiers ou des morceaux de tissu l\u2019un \u00e0 l\u2019autre. Si le collage se maintient longtemps, l\u2019interdit est toranique\u00a0; s\u2019il ne se maintient que peu de temps, l\u2019interdit est rabbinique (cf. Cha\u2019ar Hatsioun<\/em> 303, 68).<\/p>\n

Dans le m\u00eame sens, la Torah interdit de joindre des papiers \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019une agrafeuse, car l\u2019agrafe joint les feuilles en per\u00e7ant deux trous, ce qui est assimil\u00e9 \u00e0 une couture durable de deux points. En revanche, il est permis de joindre des feuilles au moyen d\u2019un trombone, car celui-ci assemble les feuilles de mani\u00e8re ext\u00e9rieure, sans les relier de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[7]<\/a>. Il est interdit de r\u00e9parer une fermeture \u00e9clair qui s\u2019est d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9e, car ce serait enfreindre l\u2019interdit de r\u00e9parer un ustensile (tiqoun keli<\/em>). Si la fermeture \u00e9clair n\u2019est pas enti\u00e8rement cass\u00e9e, et qu\u2019elle se r\u00e9pare d\u2019elle-m\u00eame quand on l\u2019ouvre et qu\u2019on la ferme, c\u2019est permis (Chemirat Chabbat Kehilkhata<\/em> 15, 78).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La m\u00e9lakha de coudre (tofer) consiste \u00e0 joindre l\u2019un \u00e0 l\u2019autre des tentures, des tissus, de m\u00eame que nos p\u00e8res cousirent les tentures du Tabernacle. Par la m\u00e9lakha de coudre, on joint l\u2019une \u00e0 l\u2019autre des choses souples, tandis que, par la m\u00e9lakha de construire (bon\u00e9), on joint des choses rigides. Toute personne qui coud, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1384","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-01-13"],"yoast_head":"\n10. 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