{"id":1453,"date":"2016-01-16T00:05:57","date_gmt":"2016-01-15T22:05:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=1453"},"modified":"2017-07-23T12:04:56","modified_gmt":"2017-07-23T09:04:56","slug":"01-16-05","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-16-05\/","title":{"rendered":"05. Eteindre\u00a0(mekhab\u00e9<\/em>) ; notion de <\/strong>m\u00e9lakha ch\u00e9-eina tsrikha l\u00e9goufah<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le fait d\u2019\u00e9teindre un feu (mekhab\u00e9<\/em>) afin de pr\u00e9parer du charbon est l\u2019un des trente-neuf travaux interdits le Chabbat. En effet, lors de la construction du Tabernacle, on faisait flamber du bois, puis on l\u2019\u00e9teignait afin qu\u2019il se transform\u00e2t en charbon, avec lequel on allumait un nouveau feu\u00a0; celui-ci pouvait se maintenir longuement, pour les besoins de la confection des couleurs dont on d\u00e9corait les tentures du sanctuaire. De la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on, celui qui \u00e9teint une veilleuse afin de carboniser la m\u00e8che, pour que l\u2019on puisse ensuite la rallumer plus facilement, enfreint l\u2019interdit toranique d\u2019\u00e9teindre.<\/p>\n

La question qui se pose est de savoir quelle r\u00e8gle sera applicable dans le cas o\u00f9 l\u2019on \u00e9teint la flamme, non pour les besoins de l\u2019extinction prise en elle-m\u00eame \u2013 faire des braises ou carboniser la m\u00e8che \u2013, mais parce que l\u2019on veut \u00e9conomiser l\u2019huile, ou parce que l\u2019on est d\u00e9rang\u00e9 par la lumi\u00e8re. En d\u2019autres termes, \u00e9teindre, non pour le produit de l\u2019extinction m\u00eame, mais parce que l\u2019on ne veut pas que la veilleuse continue de br\u00fbler. Les Tanna\u00efm sont partag\u00e9s sur cette question\u00a0: selon Rabbi Chimon, puisque nous nous trouvons en pr\u00e9sence d\u2019une m\u00e9lakha<\/em> dont la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 ne r\u00e9side pas dans le produit qui en r\u00e9sulte (m\u00e9lakha ch\u00e9-eina tsrikha l\u00e9goufah<\/em>)[e]<\/a><\/sup>, l\u2019interdiction qui p\u00e8se sur elle est seulement de rang rabbinique\u00a0; selon Rabbi Yehouda, peu importe que ce que l\u2019on recherche ne soit pas le produit m\u00eame de l\u2019acte\u00a0: il suffit qu\u2019en pratique l\u2019intention ait consist\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9teindre la veilleuse pour que l\u2019on ait accompli une m\u00e9lakha<\/em>, enfreignant ainsi un interdit toranique (Chabbat<\/em> 31b, 93b).<\/p>\n

En pratique, selon Ma\u00efmonide (Chabbat<\/em> 1, 7), une m\u00e9lakha<\/em> dont la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 ne r\u00e9side pas en son produit m\u00eame est un interdit toranique\u00a0; mais pour la majorit\u00e9 des Richonim, c\u2019est un interdit rabbinique (Rav Ha\u00ef Gaon, Rabb\u00e9nou \u2018Hananel, Maor<\/em>, Na\u2019hmanide, entre autres\u00a0; c\u2019est aussi en ce sens que tranche le Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 334, 27\u00a0; Michna Beroura<\/em> 85). Simplement, puisque la diff\u00e9rence entre une m\u00e9lakha<\/em> dont la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 ne r\u00e9side pas en son produit m\u00eame, d\u2019une part, et une m\u00e9lakha<\/em> ordinaire, d\u2019autre part, consiste seulement dans l\u2019intention qui pr\u00e9side \u00e0 son accomplissement, la premi\u00e8re est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme plus grave que les autres interdits rabbiniques (cf. tome 1, chap. 9 \u00a7 6).<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[e]<\/a>. Sur cette notion, cf. tome 1, chap. 9 \u00a7 6.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le fait d\u2019\u00e9teindre un feu (mekhab\u00e9) afin de pr\u00e9parer du charbon est l\u2019un des trente-neuf travaux interdits le Chabbat. En effet, lors de la construction du Tabernacle, on faisait flamber du bois, puis on l\u2019\u00e9teignait afin qu\u2019il se transform\u00e2t en charbon, avec lequel on allumait un nouveau feu\u00a0; celui-ci pouvait se maintenir longuement, pour les […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-01-16"],"yoast_head":"\n05. Eteindre\u00a0(mekhab\u00e9) ; notion de m\u00e9lakha ch\u00e9-eina tsrikha l\u00e9goufah - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-16-05\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"05. Eteindre\u00a0(mekhab\u00e9) ; notion de m\u00e9lakha ch\u00e9-eina tsrikha l\u00e9goufah - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le fait d\u2019\u00e9teindre un feu (mekhab\u00e9) afin de pr\u00e9parer du charbon est l\u2019un des trente-neuf travaux interdits le Chabbat. En effet, lors de la construction du Tabernacle, on faisait flamber du bois, puis on l\u2019\u00e9teignait afin qu\u2019il se transform\u00e2t en charbon, avec lequel on allumait un nouveau feu\u00a0; celui-ci pouvait se maintenir longuement, pour les […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-16-05\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-01-15T22:05:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-07-23T09:04:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-16-05\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-16-05\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8822293bfa4f7cd35b44a3c311851b63\"},\"headline\":\"05. 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