{"id":1511,"date":"2016-01-19T00:01:24","date_gmt":"2016-01-18T22:01:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=1511"},"modified":"2017-07-24T08:56:21","modified_gmt":"2017-07-24T05:56:21","slug":"01-19-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-19-01\/","title":{"rendered":"01. Labourer (\u2018horech<\/em>)"},"content":{"rendered":"

La m\u00e9lakha<\/em> de labourer (\u2018horech<\/em>) est celle par laquelle on pr\u00e9pare le terrain afin d\u2019y cultiver des esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales. Le labour consiste \u00e0 creuser des sillons dans le sol, ou des trous, afin de pouvoir y planter des semences ou repiquer des plants. Le labour contribue \u00e9galement \u00e0 amollir la terre et \u00e0 la rendre meuble, ce qui facilite l\u2019extension des racines dans la terre et l\u2019absorption de leur nourriture.<\/p>\n

De m\u00eame, aplanir la surface du sol, s\u2019il s\u2019y trouve par exemple des monticules et des creux, c\u2019est enfreindre l\u2019interdit de labourer. En effet, cette action a \u00e9galement pour effet d\u2019amollir la terre ; de plus, quand la terre est plane, il est plus facile de la pr\u00e9parer aux semailles et aux plantations. De m\u00eame, si l\u2019on creuse un petit trou, on enfreint l\u2019interdit de labourer, car il est possible d\u2019y semer une graine. Dans le m\u00eame sens, si l\u2019on \u00e9pierre un champ, ou qu\u2019on le fume, ou encore que l\u2019on arrache ses \u00e9pines et ses herbes folles, on enfreint un interdit toranique, d\u00e9riv\u00e9<\/em> (tolada<\/em>) du labour. En effet, par de tels actes, on am\u00e9liore le terrain afin qu\u2019il soit plus propre \u00e0 l\u2019ensemencement ou \u00e0 la plantation. Et quiconque fait la moindre action dans le but d\u2019am\u00e9liorer le sol \u00e0 l\u2019approche des semailles ou des plantations transgresse l\u2019interdit toranique (Chabbat<\/em> 103a, Talmud de J\u00e9rusalem, Chabbat <\/em>7, 2).<\/p>\n

M\u00eame si l\u2019on accomplit ces actes sur un sol que l\u2019on n\u2019a pas l\u2019intention d\u2019ensemencer ni de planter, on transgresse par-l\u00e0 l\u2019interdit de labourer, car en pratique on ex\u00e9cute un acte qui amende le sol et le rend plus apte \u00e0 l\u2019ensemencement ou \u00e0 la plantation (Egl\u00e9 Tal, \u2018Horech<\/em> 16).<\/p>\n

Il est de m\u00eame interdit au titre du labour de creuser un trou dans la terre d\u2019un pot de fleurs ou d\u2019un pot \u00e0 plante. Il est \u00e9galement interdit d\u2019enfoncer un objet dans la terre d\u2019un tel pot car, en l\u2019enfon\u00e7ant, on ferait un creux susceptible d\u2019accueillir une semence (Michna Beroura<\/em> 498, 91 ; cf. ci-apr\u00e8s, note 4).<\/p>\n

Nos sages ont interdit de balayer le sol de la cour, de crainte que l\u2019on n\u2019en vienne \u00e0 aplanir les creux et \u00e0 enfreindre ainsi un interdit toranique. En effet, s\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019un sol susceptible d\u2019\u00eatre ensemenc\u00e9, on transgresserait l\u2019interdit de labourer ; et s\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019un sol qui ne sert que de cour, on transgresserait l\u2019interdit de construire (bon\u00e9<\/em>)[a]<\/a><\/sup>. En revanche, il est permis de balayer la partie dall\u00e9e d\u2019une cour[1]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Il est interdit de d\u00e9placer, du pied, de la terre ou du sable, ou d\u2019y donner des coups de pied, car ce serait rendre la terre plus friable et en aplanir les creux. On ne frottera pas non plus du pied un crachat qui est au sol, afin de ne pas aplanir de creux. En revanche, il est permis de marcher dessus simplement, en passant par-l\u00e0, afin d\u2019att\u00e9nuer le d\u00e9go\u00fbt que les passants peuvent \u00e9prouver en le voyant, \u00e0 condition de ne pas avoir l\u2019intention de l\u2019\u00e9taler ni d\u2019\u00e9galiser quelque creux (Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 316, 11).<\/p>\n

Si de la boue s\u2019est attach\u00e9e \u00e0 vos chaussures, vous ne les nettoierez pas en les frottant dans la terre, de crainte d\u2019en venir \u00e0 aplanir des creux (Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 302, 6). Certains d\u00e9cisionnaires n\u2019ont cependant pas cette crainte, et le permettent (Rama, Tour\u00e9 Zahav<\/em>). Si l\u2019on veut \u00eatre indulgent, on y est autoris\u00e9, mais a priori il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable d\u2019\u00eatre rigoureux. Sur un paillasson m\u00e9tallique, des dalles ou des pierres, on peut a priori se frotter les chaussures (Michna Beroura<\/em> 302, 28 ; cf. sur toutes ces questions le chap. 15 \u00a7 2, consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9lakha<\/em> de construire).<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[a]<\/a>. Aplanir un terrain, quand il est constructible, c\u2019est le rendre apte \u00e0 y recevoir une construction, ce qui est interdit au titre de la m\u00e9lakha<\/em> de construire<\/em> (cf. supra, chap. 15 \u00a7 1).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>. Cf. supra, chap. 15 \u00a7 2, note 1, la question du balayage du carrelage, o\u00f9 l\u2019on voit qu\u2019en pratique il est permis de balayer tout sol rev\u00eatu, \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la maison ou dans la cour. Cf. aussi infra, chap. 23 \u00a7 14, note 14, o\u00f9 l\u2019on apprend pourquoi cela n\u2019est pas interdit au titre du mouqts\u00e9<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La m\u00e9lakha de labourer (\u2018horech) est celle par laquelle on pr\u00e9pare le terrain afin d\u2019y cultiver des esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales. Le labour consiste \u00e0 creuser des sillons dans le sol, ou des trous, afin de pouvoir y planter des semences ou repiquer des plants. Le labour contribue \u00e9galement \u00e0 amollir la terre et \u00e0 la rendre […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[99],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1511","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-01-19"],"yoast_head":"\n01. Labourer (\u2018horech) - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-19-01\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"01. Labourer (\u2018horech) - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La m\u00e9lakha de labourer (\u2018horech) est celle par laquelle on pr\u00e9pare le terrain afin d\u2019y cultiver des esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales. Le labour consiste \u00e0 creuser des sillons dans le sol, ou des trous, afin de pouvoir y planter des semences ou repiquer des plants. Le labour contribue \u00e9galement \u00e0 amollir la terre et \u00e0 la rendre […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-19-01\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-01-18T22:01:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-07-24T05:56:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-19-01\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-19-01\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8822293bfa4f7cd35b44a3c311851b63\"},\"headline\":\"01. Labourer (\u2018horech)\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-01-18T22:01:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-07-24T05:56:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-19-01\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":745,\"articleSection\":[\"Chapitre 19 - Travaux li\u00e9s aux v\u00e9g\u00e9taux\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-19-01\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-19-01\\\/\",\"name\":\"01. Labourer (\u2018horech) - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2016-01-18T22:01:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-07-24T05:56:21+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8822293bfa4f7cd35b44a3c311851b63\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-19-01\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-19-01\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-19-01\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u05d3\u05e3 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"01. Labourer (\u2018horech)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\",\"description\":\"Rav Eli\u00e9zer Melamed\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8822293bfa4f7cd35b44a3c311851b63\",\"name\":\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4839847e1f630d0e0f5d54879b51b427c551b51611b74d6558e54ff6e69ce498?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4839847e1f630d0e0f5d54879b51b427c551b51611b74d6558e54ff6e69ce498?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4839847e1f630d0e0f5d54879b51b427c551b51611b74d6558e54ff6e69ce498?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/author\\\/shlomit12\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"01. Labourer (\u2018horech) - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-19-01\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"01. Labourer (\u2018horech) - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha","og_description":"La m\u00e9lakha de labourer (\u2018horech) est celle par laquelle on pr\u00e9pare le terrain afin d\u2019y cultiver des esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales. Le labour consiste \u00e0 creuser des sillons dans le sol, ou des trous, afin de pouvoir y planter des semences ou repiquer des plants. Le labour contribue \u00e9galement \u00e0 amollir la terre et \u00e0 la rendre […]","og_url":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-19-01\/","og_site_name":"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha","article_published_time":"2016-01-18T22:01:24+00:00","article_modified_time":"2017-07-24T05:56:21+00:00","author":"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-19-01\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-19-01\/"},"author":{"name":"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8","@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/8822293bfa4f7cd35b44a3c311851b63"},"headline":"01. Labourer (\u2018horech)","datePublished":"2016-01-18T22:01:24+00:00","dateModified":"2017-07-24T05:56:21+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-19-01\/"},"wordCount":745,"articleSection":["Chapitre 19 - Travaux li\u00e9s aux v\u00e9g\u00e9taux"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-19-01\/","url":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-19-01\/","name":"01. Labourer (\u2018horech) - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/#website"},"datePublished":"2016-01-18T22:01:24+00:00","dateModified":"2017-07-24T05:56:21+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/8822293bfa4f7cd35b44a3c311851b63"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-19-01\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-19-01\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-19-01\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u05d3\u05e3 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea","item":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"01. Labourer (\u2018horech)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/","name":"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha","description":"Rav Eli\u00e9zer Melamed","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/8822293bfa4f7cd35b44a3c311851b63","name":"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4839847e1f630d0e0f5d54879b51b427c551b51611b74d6558e54ff6e69ce498?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4839847e1f630d0e0f5d54879b51b427c551b51611b74d6558e54ff6e69ce498?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4839847e1f630d0e0f5d54879b51b427c551b51611b74d6558e54ff6e69ce498?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8"},"url":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/author\/shlomit12\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1511","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1511"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1511\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1511"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1511"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1511"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}