{"id":1648,"date":"2016-01-23T00:02:42","date_gmt":"2016-01-22T22:02:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=1648"},"modified":"2017-07-25T09:18:01","modified_gmt":"2017-07-25T06:18:01","slug":"01-23-02","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-23-02\/","title":{"rendered":"02. Principes du mouqts\u00e9<\/em><\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"

En r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, nos sages interdisent de d\u00e9placer, le Chabbat, les objets qu\u2019il ne convient pas d\u2019utiliser pendant Chabbat, et que l\u2019homme \u00e9carte de sa pens\u00e9e<\/em> (cf. ci-apr\u00e8s, \u00a7 10). Il existe plusieurs cat\u00e9gories de mouqts\u00e9<\/em>\u00a0:<\/p>\n

Mouqts\u00e9 <\/em>par nature<\/strong> (mouqts\u00e9 me\u2019hamat goufo<\/em>, litt\u00e9ralement \u00ab\u00a0mouqts\u00e9 <\/em>en raison de soi-m\u00eame\u00a0\u00bb)\u00a0: ce sont les choses qui ne conviennent \u00e0 aucun usage pendant Chabbat, telles que les pierres, le bois, le sable, les animaux, les aliments qui ne sont pas encore propres \u00e0 \u00eatre consomm\u00e9s (comme nous le verrons plus en d\u00e9tail au\u00a0\u00a7 3).<\/p>\n

Mouqts\u00e9 <\/em>par valeur <\/strong>(mouqts\u00e9 me\u2019hamat \u2018hesron kis<\/em>, litt. \u00ab\u00a0mouqts\u00e9<\/em> en raison d\u2019une perte financi\u00e8re\u00a0\u00bb)\u00a0: ce sont les objets de valeur, que l\u2019homme a soin de ne pas prendre en main sans avoir besoin d\u2019en faire un usage sp\u00e9cifique, de crainte qu\u2019ils ne s\u2019ab\u00eement. Puisqu\u2019ils n\u2019ont pas d\u2019utilit\u00e9 pendant Chabbat, on les \u00e9carte de sa pens\u00e9e (cf. \u00a7 4).<\/p>\n

Support d\u2019une chose interdite<\/strong> (bassis l\u00e9davar ha-assour, <\/em>ou mouqts\u00e9 <\/strong><\/em>par assimilation<\/strong>)\u00a0: quand, avant Chabbat, on d\u00e9pose un objet mouqts\u00e9<\/em> sur un objet qui ne l\u2019est pas, on manifeste son intention que le premier soit sur le second pendant Chabbat\u00a0; par cons\u00e9quent, on a \u00e9cart\u00e9 de son esprit l\u2019objet servant de support, de telle sorte que lui aussi prend le statut de mouqts\u00e9<\/em> (cf. \u00a7 5-6).<\/p>\n

Mouqts\u00e9<\/em> par destination<\/strong> (kelim ch\u00e9-melakhtam l\u00e9-issour<\/em>, litt. \u00ab\u00a0instruments servant \u00e0 un travail interdit\u00a0\u00bb)\u00a0: le statut de ce mouqts\u00e9<\/em> est particulier. Puisqu\u2019il est destin\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ex\u00e9cution d\u2019un travail interdit, on l\u2019\u00e9carte de son esprit\u00a0; en revanche, il arrive que l\u2019on s\u2019en serve pour un besoin permis. Par cons\u00e9quent, il est interdit de le d\u00e9placer pour le prot\u00e9ger d\u2019un dommage ou d\u2019un vol (tsorekh \u2018atsmo<\/em>, \u00ab\u00a0besoin propre \u00e0 l\u2019objet\u00a0\u00bb), mais il est permis de le d\u00e9placer pour le besoin que l\u2019on a de l\u2019objet m\u00eame, afin d\u2019en tirer un usage autoris\u00e9 (tsorekh goufo<\/em>, \u00ab pour l\u2019usage de l\u2019objet, pris intrins\u00e8quement\u00a0\u00bb, ind\u00e9pendamment de sa destination premi\u00e8re), ou pour lib\u00e9rer le lieu qu\u2019il occupe (tsorekh meqomo<\/em>\u00a0; cf. \u00a7 7-9).<\/p>\n

Si l\u2019objet mouqts\u00e9 <\/em>est une chose r\u00e9pugnante, qui cause du d\u00e9plaisir \u2013 par exemple un pot de chambre \u2013, les sages permettent de le d\u00e9placer directement (cf. \u00a7 12).<\/p>\n

L\u2019interdit r\u00e9side dans le fait de d\u00e9placer le mouqts\u00e9<\/em>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire de le faire directement bouger ; en revanche, il est permis de toucher un objet mouqts\u00e9<\/em> sans le d\u00e9placer. Il est donc permis, le Chabbat, d\u2019\u00e9tendre une nappe sur un ordinateur, sur un t\u00e9l\u00e9phone ou sur un autre objet mouqts\u00e9<\/em>. Pour un besoin permis, on peut d\u00e9placer l\u2019objet mouqts\u00e9<\/em> de mani\u00e8re indirecte\u00a0: par exemple, si l\u2019on a besoin de prendre en main un objet ou un aliment, et que, en le prenant, on fasse bouger le mouqts\u00e9<\/em> qui se trouve \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de lui, il n\u2019y a pas d\u2019interdit, tant que l\u2019on ne touche pas le mouqts\u00e9<\/em> de ses mains. Mais lorsque le propos est de d\u00e9placer le mouqts\u00e9<\/em> afin de le garder, il est interdit de le faire, m\u00eame indirectement\u00a0; en effet, d\u00e8s lors que l\u2019on provoque le d\u00e9placement manuellement<\/em>, m\u00eame de mani\u00e8re indirecte \u2013 par exemple par l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire d\u2019un balai \u2013, l\u2019acte est interdit. En revanche, il est permis de provoquer le d\u00e9placement corporellement<\/em>, par exemple en poussant l\u2019objet du pied ou du coude, sans se servir de ses mains (cf. \u00a7 14).<\/p>\n

Quand il n\u2019est pas certain qu\u2019une chose soit, dans les faits, mouqts\u00e9<\/em> \u2013 par exemple, si l\u2019on a trouv\u00e9 des fruits sous un arbre, et que l\u2019on ne sache pas s\u2019ils sont tomb\u00e9s avant ou pendant Chabbat \u2013, il faut \u00eatre rigoureux (Beitsa <\/em>24b, Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 325, 5). Mais quand il y a une controverse portant sur la halakha, certains d\u00e9cisionnaires estimant qu\u2019une chose est mouqts\u00e9<\/em>, les autres pensant le contraire, la halakha est conforme \u00e0 l\u2019opinion indulgente (Beit Yossef <\/em>279, 4, Cha\u2019ar Hatsioun<\/em> 309, 24).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, nos sages interdisent de d\u00e9placer, le Chabbat, les objets qu\u2019il ne convient pas d\u2019utiliser pendant Chabbat, et que l\u2019homme \u00e9carte de sa pens\u00e9e (cf. ci-apr\u00e8s, \u00a7 10). Il existe plusieurs cat\u00e9gories de mouqts\u00e9\u00a0: Mouqts\u00e9 par nature (mouqts\u00e9 me\u2019hamat goufo, litt\u00e9ralement \u00ab\u00a0mouqts\u00e9 en raison de soi-m\u00eame\u00a0\u00bb)\u00a0: ce sont les choses qui ne conviennent […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[103],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-01-23"],"yoast_head":"\n02. Principes du mouqts\u00e9 - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-23-02\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"02. Principes du mouqts\u00e9 - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, nos sages interdisent de d\u00e9placer, le Chabbat, les objets qu\u2019il ne convient pas d\u2019utiliser pendant Chabbat, et que l\u2019homme \u00e9carte de sa pens\u00e9e (cf. ci-apr\u00e8s, \u00a7 10). Il existe plusieurs cat\u00e9gories de mouqts\u00e9\u00a0: Mouqts\u00e9 par nature (mouqts\u00e9 me\u2019hamat goufo, litt\u00e9ralement \u00ab\u00a0mouqts\u00e9 en raison de soi-m\u00eame\u00a0\u00bb)\u00a0: ce sont les choses qui ne conviennent […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-23-02\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-01-22T22:02:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-07-25T06:18:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-23-02\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-23-02\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8822293bfa4f7cd35b44a3c311851b63\"},\"headline\":\"02. 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